Association between maternal lifestyle factors and low birth weight in preterm and term births: a case-control study

Table 4 Multivariate logistic analyses showing the outcomes associated with term low birth weight

Variable		Reference	P	Crude OR	Adjusted OR^a	95%CI
Passive smoking	Yes	No	0.019	1.356	*1.404*	*1.057–1.864*
Gestational gain	Less	Normal	0.009	1.659	*1.484*	*1.103–1.998*
Gestational gain	More		< 0.001	0.431	*0.369*	*0.236–0.577*
Economic status (Ұ/month)	3001–5000	≤3000	0.032	0.669	*0.715*	*0.526–0.971*
	5001–7000		0.104	0.576	0.687	0.437–1.080
	> 7000		0.026	0.391	0.526	0.299–0.926
Pre-pregnancy BMI	< 18.5	18.5–23.9	< 0.001	2.008	*1.718*	*1.278–2.310*
	24–27.9		0.826	0.965	1.065	0.607–1.868
	≥28		0.569	1.079	1.409	0.433–4.579
Parity	>1	1	< 0.001	0.535	*0.506*	*0.368–0.695*
History of LBW	Yes	No	< 0.001	3.728	*4.087*	*2.070–8.069*
Antenatal care	5–9	≤4	0.344	0.664	*0.808*	*0.519–1.257*
	10–14		0.014	0.425	*0.557*	*0.349–0.889*
	≥15		0.024	0.222	*0.305*	*0.108–0.858*
Gestational hypertension	Yes	No	< 0.001	4.600	*6.598*	*3.915–11.122*

note: OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; LBW low birth weight; BMI body mass index; Control normal weight term baby
^aVariables in the logistic regression include maternal characteristics, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, history of LBW, antenatal care, fetal sex, and gestational hypertension

ISSN: 1742-4755