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Table 3 Prevalence of school and healthcare, sexual behavior, risk behaviors, and self-reported health variables and their association with condom non-use in Brazilian national adolescent sample

From: Associated factors and sex differences in condom non-use among adolescents: Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE)

Variables

Condom non-use

Adjustedd analysis of condom non-use

Male

Female

Male

Female

%

RP (CI 95%)

%

RP (CI 95%)

Adj RP (CI 95%)

p

Adj RP (CI 95%)

p

School and health service

 In the last 12 months, have you had access to a health service or approached a health professional for health-related care?

  Yes

26.7

1

30.2

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  No

34.0

1.28(1.22–1.33)

34.8

1.15(1.09–1.22)

1.22(1.17–1.27)

 

1.12(1.06–1.19)

 

 At school, have you received pregnancy prevention counseling?

 

  Yes

29.4

1

30.7

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  No

33.7

1.15(1.08–1.21)

36.8

1.20(1.12–1.28)

1.14(1.08–1.20)

 

1.19(1.12–1.27)

 

 At school, have you received counseling about AIDS or other STIs?

      

  Yes

29.3

1

31.3

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  No

34.8

1.19(1.11–1.27)

37

1.18(1.09–1.28)

1.17(1.09–1.25)

 

1.17(1.08–1.27)

 

Sexual behavior

 Age of first sexual intercourse

   ≥ 15 years

22.2

1

26.2

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  13 and 14 years

24.1

1.09(1.00–1.18)

31.8

1.21(1.13–1.31)

1.05(0.96–1.14)

 

1.39(1.28–1.51)

 

   ≤ 12 years

43.1

1.94(1.80–2.10)

44.7

1.70(1.56–1.87)

1.78(1.64–1.93)

 

1.92(1.74–2.11)

 

 Number of sexual partners

  1

34.6

1

27.3

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  2 to 3

30.2

0.87(0.83–0.93)

33.5

1.23(1.15–1.31)

0.88(0.83–0.93)

 

1.21(1.13–1.29)

 

  4 or more

27.1

0.79(0.74–0.83)

43.5

1.59(1.49–1.71)

0.84(0.80–0.89)

 

1.55(1.45–1.66)

 

 Additional contraception method use

  No

40.1

1

39.8

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Yes, hormonal contraception methoda

17.3

0.43(0.4–0.47)

25.4

0.64(0.60–0.68)

0.44(0.41–0.47)

 

0.63(0.59–0.68)

 

  Yes, non-hormonal contraception methodb

16.7

0.42(0.38–0.46)

22

0.55(0.49–0.62)

0.42(0.38–0.46)

 

0.55(0.49–0.63)

 

Risk behaviors

 Smoked at least once

  No

26.1

1

25.8

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Yes

36.7

1.41(1.34–1.47)

40

1.55(1.46–1.64)

1.39(1.33–1.45)

 

1.49(1.41–1.58)

 

 During the last 30 days, how many days did you smoke?c

  None

36.8

1

40.1

1

1

0.047

1

< 0.001

  1 to 2 days

34.2

0.93(0.85–1.02)

36.7

0.92(0.83–1.01)

0.96(0.88–1.05)

 

0.92(0.83–1.01)

 

  3 to 9 days

39.6

1.07(0.96–1.20)

37

0.92(0.80–1.06)

1.10(0.98–1.23)

 

0.93(0.82–1.07)

 

  10 or more days

38.3

1.04(0.93–1.16)

48.9

1.21(1.09–1.37)

1.11(1.02–1.24)

 

1.24(1.11–1.38)

 

 Drank alcohol at least once

  No

24.7

1

22

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Yes

32

1.30(1.22–1.37)

34

1.55(1.41–1.70)

1.28(1.21–1.36)

 

1.51(1.37–1.65)

 

 During the last 30 days, how many days did you drink?c

  None

32.9

1

32.2

1

1

0.001

1

< 0.001

  1 to 2 days

29.3

0.89(0.84–0.95)

32.6

1.01(0.94–1.09)

0.92(0.86–0.98)

 

1.03(0.96–1.10)

 

  3 to 9 days

31.4

0.95(0.89–1.03)

36.9

1.15(1.06–1.24)

1.00(0.93–1.07)

 

1.16(1.08–1.26)

 

  10 or more days

34.8

1.06(0.97–1.16)

40.7

1.26(1.15–1.39)

1.14(1.05–1.25)

 

1.30(1.18–1.42)

 

 In your life, how many times did you drink until you got drunk?c

  None

30.2

1

28

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  1 to 2 days

32.9

1.09(1.03–1.15)

36.2

1.29(1.20–1.38)

1.10(1.04–1.17)

 

1.28(1.19–1.37)

 

  3 to 9 days

33.4

1.11(1.03–1.19)

40.1

1.43(1.31–1.56)

1.15(1.07–1.24)

 

1.43(1.31–1.55)

 

  10 or more days

36.0

1.19(1.10–1.30)

45.6

1.63(1.47–1.80)

1.28(1.17–1.39)

 

1.63(1.48–1.81)

 

 Used drugs at least once (marijuana, cocaine, crack)

  No

28.7

1

28.7

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Yes

35.6

1.24(1.18–1.31)

42.3

1.47(1.39–1.56)

1.25(1.19–1.32)

 

1.45(1.37–1.54)

 

 During the last 30 days, how many days did you use drugs?c

  None

35.7

1

41.9

1

1

0.056

1

0.077

  1 to 2 days

32.6

0.91(0.81–1.03)

40.8

0.97(0.87–1.09)

0.92(0.82–1.04)

 

0.97(0.86–1.08)

 

  3 to 9 days

35.7

1.00(0.87–1.14)

41.4

0.99(0.86–1.14)

1.02(0.89–1.17)

 

1.01(0.88–1.16)

 

  10 or more days

40.3

1.13(0.99–1.28)

49.8

1.19(1.03–1.37)

1.13(0.99–1.28)

 

1.18(0.99–1.35)

 

Self-reported general health

 Feel alone

  Never

26.6

1

27.8

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Rarely

29.2

1.10(1.03–1.17)

32

1.15(1.04–1.28)

1.06(0.99–1.13)

 

1.12(1.02–1.24)

 

  Sometimes

32.3

1.21(1.14–1.29)

31.8

1.15(1.05–1.25)

1.18(1.12–1.25)

 

1.12(1.02–1.21)

 

  Most of the time or always

40.1

1.51(1.41–1.61)

34.9

1.26(1.15–1.37)

1.43(1.33–1.52)

 

1.21(1.11–1.33)

 

 Body weight perception

  Very thin

35.4

1.26(1.14–1.39)

33.9

1.11(0.98–1.25)

1.26(1.15–1.37)

< 0.001

1.11(0.99–1.25)

0.017

  Thin

32.8

1.17(1.10–1.24)

33.9

1.11(1.03–1.20)

1.14(1.08–1.20)

 

1.09(1.01–1.17)

 

  Normal

28.1

1

30.4

1

1

 

1

 

  Fat

32.2

1.15(1.07–1.23)

33.5

1.10(1.02–1.18)

1.12(1.04–1.20)

 

1.08(1.01–1.16)

 

  Very fat

45

1.60(1.38–1.85)

36.7

1.20(1.04–1.39)

1.58(1.38–1.82)

 

1.20(1.0–1.38)

 

 Feelings about the body

  Very satisfied

26.3

1

27.6

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Satisfied

30.1

1.15(1.09–1.21)

31.8

1.15(1.09–1.24)

1. 09(1.04–1.15)

 

1.14(1.05–1.22)

 

  Indifferent

36.5

1.39(1.29–1.50)

34.2

1.24(1.12–1.38)

1.33(1.23–1.44)

 

1.21(1.09–1.35)

 

  Unsatisfied or very unsatisfied

37.8

1.44(1.34–1.55)

36.6

1.33(1.22–1.44)

1.36(1.26–1.45)

 

1.29(1.19–1.39)

 

 Self-reported state of health

  Very good

26.1

1

25.5

1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

  Good

31.3

1.20(1.14–1.27)

33.8

1.32(1.22–1.44)

1.15(1.09–1.22)

 

1.28(1.18–1.39)

 

  Regular

36.7

1.41(1.32–1.50)

34.6

1.35(1.25–1.47)

1.36(1.28–1.44)

 

1.31(1.21–1.41)

 

  Poor or very poor

34.3

1.32(1.22–1.42)

36.5

1.43(1.30–1.57)

1.31(1.21–1.41)

 

1.39(1.26–1.53)

 
  1. PeNSE Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (National School Health Survey); AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; STI Sexually Transmitted Infections
  2. Explanatory variables were adjusted by confounding variables (socioeconomic variables) in a Poisson regression model-based analysis with robust variance. The effect measure was the prevalence ratio (PR) with its respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (α = 0.05). Bolded p-values denote statistical significance (p < 0.05).
  3. aHormonal contraception method: contraceptive pill, injection or patch, hormonal intrauterine device
  4. bNon-hormonal contraception method: intrauterine device, diaphragm, or other
  5. cOnly asked of those to whom it was relevant
  6. dVariables adjusted by Municipality, School, Age, Mother’s Level of Education, and Other contraceptive method (except condom)
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Reproductive Health

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