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Table 3 Maternal Factors and Delivery Mode Associated with IDIa

From: The relationship between birth intervals and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in six low and lower-middle income countries

 

IDI (months)

6–17 months

18–36 months

37–60 months

61–180 months

Deliveries, N

17,392

91,670

50,447

22,273

Maternal age, N (%)

17,388

91,644

50,439

22,270

  < 20

1324 (7.6)

4493 (4.9)

1200 (2.4)

81 (0.4)

 20–35

15,215 (87.5)

81,857 (89.3)

45,070 (89.4)

18,452 (82.9)

  > 35

849 (4.9)

5294 (5.8)

4169 (8.3)

3737 (16.8)

Education, N (%)

17,388

91,649

50,444

22,268

 No formal education

6607 (38.0)

26,757 (29.2)

11,530 (22.9)

3151 (14.2)

 Primary

3823 (22.0)

23,147 (25.3)

11,796 (23.4)

6162 (27.7)

 Secondary

6330 (36.4)

38,671 (42.2)

24,628 (48.8)

11,439 (51.4)

 University+

628 (3.6)

3074 (3.4)

2490 (4.9)

1516 (6.8)

Parity, N (%)

17,392

91,670

50,447

22,273

 1

7520 (43.2)

36,351 (39.7)

19,353 (38.4)

7441 (33.4)

 2

3437 (19.8)

20,123 (22.0)

11,350 (22.5)

5321 (23.9)

  ≥ 3

6435 (37.0)

35,196 (38.4)

19,744 (39.1)

9511 (42.7)

Number of ANC visits, N (%)

17,376

91,541

50,396

22,243

 0

708 (4.1)

2821 (3.1)

1057 (2.1)

351 (1.6)

 1–3

8167 (47.0)

39,699 (43.4)

20,258 (40.2)

8300 (37.3)

  ≥ 4

8501 (48.9)

49,021 (53.6)

29,081 (57.7)

13,592 (61.1)

Iron supplements, N (%)

17,390

91,644

50,436

22,267

 Yes

15,010 (86.3)

83,671 (91.3)

47,320 (93.8)

21,423 (96.2)

Mode of delivery, N (%)

17,381

91,619

50,416

22,266

 Vaginal/Vaginal assisted

15,064 (86.7)

81,273 (88.7)

44,127 (87.5)

18,580 (83.4)

 C-section

2317 (13.3)

10,346 (11.3)

6289 (12.5)

3686 (16.6)

  1. aAll maternal factors have p-values < 0.001 for Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests of each maternal factor and IDI stratified by cluster