Table 2 Maternal characteristics for infants born alive and ≥ 2500, by Global Network region, 2010–2018
From: Neonatal deaths in infants born weighing ≥ 2500 g in low and middle-income countries
Africa | South Asia | Central America | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zambia/Kenya | DRC | India | Pakistan | Guatemala | ||||||
Newborn deaths by 28th day | Newborns survived by 28th day | Newborn deaths by 28th day | Newborns survived by 28th day | Newborn deaths by 28th day | Newborns survived by 28th day | Newborn deaths by 28th day | Newborns survived by 28th day | Newborn deaths by 28th day | Newborns survived by 28th day | |
Births, N | 1193 | 127,387 | 325 | 26,975 | 1721 | 166,849 | 1941 | 68,182 | 908 | 68,441 |
Maternal age, N (%) | 1187 | 126,754 | 325 | 26,949 | 1720 | 166,760 | 1939 | 68,041 | 907 | 68,429 |
< 20 | 338 (28.5) | 28,755 (22.7) | 76 (23.4) | 4872 (18.1) | 146 (8.5) | 11,083 (6.6) | 65 (3.4) | 2613 (3.8) | 126 (13.9) | 11,141 (16.3) |
20–35 | 766 (64.5) | 90,462 (71.4) | 206 (63.4) | 19,817 (73.5) | 1570 (91.3) | 155,243 (93.1) | 1743 (89.9) | 61,725 (90.7) | 621 (68.5) | 50,296 (73.5) |
> 35 | 83 (7.0) | 7537 (5.9) | 43 (13.2) | 2,260 (8.4) | 4 (0.2) | 434 (0.3) | 131 (6.8) | 3703 (5.4) | 160 (17.6) | 6,992 (10.2) |
Maternal Education, N (%) | 1186 | 126,657 | 325 | 26,974 | 1712 | 166,267 | 939 | 68,011 | 908 | 68,432 |
No formal education | 58 (4.9) | 6,648 (5.2) | 130 (40.0) | 10,121 (37.5) | 273 (15.9) | 19,810 (11.9) | 1,682 (86.7) | 55,399 (81.5) | 175 (19.3) | 10,155 (14.8) |
Primary/Secondary | 1076 (90.7) | 114,782 (90.6) | 195 (60.0) | 16,784 (62.2) | 1265 (73.9) | 124,862 (75.1) | 226 (11.7) | 10,698 (15.7) | 715 (78.7) | 55,002 (80.4) |
University+ | 52 (4.4) | 5,227 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 69 (0.3) | 174 (10.2) | 21,595 (13.0) | 31 (1.6) | 1914 (2.8) | 18 (2.0) | 3,275 (4.8) |
Parity, N (%) | 1188 | 126,797 | 325 | 26,974 | 1718 | 166,411 | 1894 | 66,675 | 908 | 68,436 |
0 | 440 (37.0) | 35,763 (28.2) | 82 (25.2) | 4651 (17.2) | 894 (52.0) | 70,526 (42.4) | 421 (22.2) | 11,872 (17.8) | 241 (26.5) | 19,155 (28.0) |
1–2 | 381 (32.1) | 49,562 (39.1) | 80 (24.6) | 8574 (31.8) | 708 (41.2) | 87,428 (52.5) | 533 (28.1) | 22,750 (34.1) | 262 (28.9) | 26,770 (39.1) |
≥ 3 | 367 (30.9) | 41,472 (32.7) | 163 (50.2) | 13,749 (51.0) | 116 (6.8) | 8457 (5.1) | 940 (49.6) | 32,053 (48.1) | 405 (44.6) | 22,511 (32.9) |
Number of ANC visits, N (%) | 848 | 97,801 | 324 | 26,943 | 1138 | 117,633 | 1498 | 51,642 | 771 | 60,392 |
0 | 9 (1.1) | 663 (0.7) | 8 (2.5) | 833 (3.1) | 1 (0.1) | 133 (0.1) | 96 (6.4) | 3,636 (7.0) | 51 (6.6) | 2,007 (3.3) |
1 | 47 (5.5) | 3845 (3.9) | 10 (3.1) | 1,192 (4.4) | 16 (1.4) | 2184 (1.9) | 222 (14.8) | 8141 (15.8) | 38 (4.9) | 2,706 (4.5) |
2–3 | 396 (46.7) | 46,420 (47.5) | 137 (42.3) | 11,794 (43.8) | 304 (26.7) | 26,452 (22.5) | 613 (40.9) | 22,142 (42.9) | 212 (27.5) | 15,036 (24.9) |
≥ 4 | 396 (46.7) | 46,873 (47.9) | 169 (52.2) | 13,124 (48.7) | 817 (71.8) | 88,864 (75.5) | 567 (37.9) | 17,723 (34.3) | 470 (61.0) | 40,643 (67.3) |
Evidence of hypertensive disease/severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, N (%) | 31 (2.6) | 1,069 (0.8) | 2 (0.6) | 8 (0.0) | 72 (4.2) | 3,152 (1.9) | 153 (7.9) | 2,624 (3.9) | 46 (5.1) | 2,279 (3.3) |
Last pregnancy was not a live birthb, n/N (%) | 65/748 (8.7) | 4634/91,028 (5.1) | 16/243 (6.6) | 736/22,323 (3.3) | 42/824 (5.1) | 2965/95,849 (3.1) | 150/1473 (10.2) | 3471/54,790 (6.3) | 89/667 (13.3) | 3,721/ 49,278 (7.6) |
Maternal Death by 42 day follow-up, n/N (%) | 8/1186 (0.7) | 53/127,384 (0.0) | 3/325 (0.9) | 18/26,975 (0.1) | 9/1721 (0.5) | 88/166,849 (0.1) | 7/1925 (0.4) | 87/68,181 (0.1) | 2/905 (0.2) | 34/68,441 (0.0) |