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Table 3 Relative risk of neonatal death (< 28 day) by Global Network region and maternal characteristics for infants born alive and ≥ 2500 g, 2010–2018

From: Neonatal deaths in infants born weighing ≥ 2500 g in low and middle-income countries

 

Adjusted RR for Neonatal Mortality for infants ≥ 2500 g (95% CI)a

Africa

South Asia

Central America

Zambia/Kenya

DRC

India

Pakistan

Guatemala

Delivery Location

     

 Hospital

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Clinic/Health Center

0.58 (0.38, 0.89)

0.43 (0.29, 0.64)

0.80 (0.71, 0.91)

0.95 (0.81, 1.11)

0.84 (0.51, 1.39)

 Home/Other

0.66 (0.40, 1.09)

0.49 (0.32, 0.75)

1.35 (1.04, 1.76)

0.69 (0.61, 0.79)

1.07 (0.93, 1.24)

Delivery Mode

     

 Vaginal delivery

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Assisted vacuum/forceps

4.50 (2.69, 7.53)

9.01 (3.15, 25.75)

4.82 (3.28, 7.07)

1.83 (1.53, 2.20)

2.38 (0.30, 19.11)

 C-section

4.32 (3.36, 5.55)

6.98 (4.16, 11.70)

1.10 (0.98, 1.23)

1.32 (1.14, 1.52)

1.08 (0.95, 1.22)

Obstructed/prolonged labor/failure to progress

7.04 (5.48, 9.04)

15.49 (11.19, 21.44)

2.89 (2.23, 3.73)

2.71 (2.36, 3.10)

2.40 (2.09, 2.75)

Severe antepartum hemorrhage

4.80 (3.03, 7.61)

16.30 (8.70, 30.54)

4.23 (2.75, 6.52)

3.46 (2.89, 4.15)

1.90 (0.95, 3.79)

Severe postpartum hemorrhage

3.24 (2.41, 4.34)

6.94 (4.07, 11.84)

2.83 (1.78, 4.52)

2.05 (1.79, 2.34)

1.62 (1.14, 2.30)

Severe infectionb

9.88 (6.13, 15.93)

12.07 (7.00, 20.80)

3.28 (1.32, 8.14)

2.99 (2.09, 4.28)

1.72 (0.91, 3.25)

Unplanned hospitalizationb

8.56 (6.30, 11.63)

6.90 (4.24, 11.24)

2.85 (2.22, 3.66)

3.76 (2.00, 7.07)

2.84 (2.35, 3.44)

Abnormal fetal presentation

6.01 (4.69, 7.69)

8.12 (3.47, 19.01)

1.73 (1.30, 2.31)

2.74 (2.32, 3.23)

2.43 (1.72, 3.43)

  1. aRelative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals from log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of outcomes within cluster. Neonatal mortality is modeled for each factor independently, accounting for site and the interaction of factor and site. Presented RR (95% CI) are for the interaction of factor and site to capture site-specific RRs
  2. bVariable added to MNH forms in 2014