Table 3 Maternal characteristics: infants alive at day 28 vs. those with a neonatal death

Maternal age, N (%)

758

30,185

0.5303

 < 20

104 (13.7)

3842 (12.7)

1.12 (0.90, 1.41)

0.3075

 20–25

487 (64.2)

20,299 (67.2)

Reference

–

 26–30

145 (19.1)

5309 (17.6)

1.13 (0.94, 1.38)

0.2000

 > 30

22 (2.9)

735 (2.4)

1.24 (0.83, 1.85)

0.2935

Maternal education, N (%)

758

30,183

0.0012

 No formal education

126 (16.6)

3555 (11.8)

2.13 (1.40, 3.26)

0.0005

 Primary/Secondary

580 (76.5)

23,434 (77.6)

1.51 (1.07, 2.13)

0.0196

 University + 

52 (6.9)

3194 (10.6)

Reference

–

Body Mass Index, N (%)

756

30,165

0.5449

 Underweight (< 18.5)

250 (33.1)

10,406 (34.5)

0.95 (0.81, 1.11)

0.5132

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

447 (59.1)

17,633 (58.5)

Reference

–

 Overweight (≥ 25)

59 (7.8)

2126 (7.0)

1.09 (0.86, 1.39)

0.4751

Parity, N (%)

758

30,183

0.0003

 0

329 (43.4)

11,585 (38.4)

1.30 (1.08, 1.56)

0.0060

 1–2

360 (47.5)

16,561 (54.9)

Reference

–

 ≥ 3

69 (9.1)

2037 (6.7)

1.54 (1.16, 2.04)

0.0026

Number of antenatal care visits, N (%)

758

30,183

 < .0001

 0–1

21 (2.8)

127 (0.4)

9.11 (6.16, 13.45)

 < .0001

 2

108 (14.2)

914 (3.0)

6.77 (4.75, 9.65)

 < .0001

 3

218 (28.8)

6152 (20.4)

2.26 (1.86, 2.74)

 < .0001

 ≥ 4

411 (54.2)

22,990 (76.2)

Reference

–

Gestational age at enrollment, N (%)

756

30,091

0.2470

 < 8 weeks

283 (37.4)

10,892 (36.2)

Reference

–

 8.0–11.6 weeks

247 (32.7)

11,006 (36.6)

0.87 (0.74, 1.01)

0.0686

 12.0–20.0 weeks

177 (23.4)

6422 (21.3)

1.06 (0.85, 1.32)

0.5987

 > 20,0 weeks

49 (6.5)

1771 (5.9)

1.07 (0.78, 1.47)

0.6814