|
Overall
|
African sitesb
|
Non-African sites
|
---|
|
RR (95% CI)a
|
p valuea
|
RR (95% CI)a
|
p valuea
|
RR (95% CI)a
|
p valuea
|
---|
Maternal age (years)
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
< 20
|
0.9 (0.9, 0.9)
|
< 0.001
|
0.97 (0.96, 0.99)
|
< 0.001
|
0.9 (0.9, 0.9)
|
< 0.001
|
20–35
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
> 35
|
1.1 (1.1, 1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
1.1 (1.1, 1.2)
|
< 0.001
|
Maternal education
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
No formal schooling
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Primary/secondary
|
1.3 (1.2, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.0)
|
0.04
|
1.3 (1.2, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
University+
|
1.5 (1.4, 1.7)
|
< 0.001
|
1.1 (1.1, 1.2)
|
< 0.001
|
1.5 (1.4, 1.7)
|
< 0.001
|
Parity
| |
< 0.001
| |
0.002
| |
< 0.001
|
0
|
1.3 (1.2, 1.4)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
1.4 (1.3, 1.5)
|
< 0.001
|
1–2
|
1.2 (1.2, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.0)
|
< 0.001
|
1.3 (1.2, 1.4)
|
< 0.001
|
3+
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
4 + antenatal visits
|
1.2 (1.2, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
1.3 (1.2, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
Multiple pregnancy
|
1.3 (1.3, 1.4)
|
< 0.001
|
1.2 (1.1, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
1.4 (1.3, 1.4)
|
< 0.001
|
OL/PL/FLP
|
1.1 (1.0, 1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
1.1 (1.0, 1.1)
|
0.01
|
1.1 (1.1, 1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
Antepartum hemorrhage
|
2.3 (2.0, 2.7)
|
< 0.001
|
2.2 (1.7, 2.8)
|
< 0.001
|
2.1 (1.9, 2.4)
|
< 0.001
|
HTN/PEC/EC
|
1.6 (1.5, 1.7)
|
< 0.001
|
1.2 (1.1, 1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
1.5 (1.4, 1.6)
|
< 0.001
|
- aRelative risks and p values are obtained from log binomial models as a function of each individual risk factor using generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of outcomes within cluster
- bOL/PL/FTP represents obstructed labor, prolonged labor, failure to progress
- cHTN/PEC/EC represents hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia