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Table 4 Results of log-linear regressions of maternal mortality risk and protective factors on community maternal mortality ratios—full and reduced form models

From: Contraceptive use and maternal mortality in Indonesia: a community-level ecological analysis

Factors

Full model

Final model

Coef.

95% CI

Coef.

95% CI

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR

− 0.064

− 0.147

0.081

− 0.073*

− 0.154

− 0.009

Proportion of high-risk births—maternal age

     

Low (<5%)

0

–

–

   

High (≥5%)

0.028

− 0.01

0.067

   

Proportion of high-risk births—parity

     

Low (<5%)

0

–

–

0

–

–

Middle (5–25%)

0.058*

0.009

0.109

0.076*

0.027

0.125

High (>25%)

0.125*

0.077

0.173

0.142*

0.094

0.189

Proportion of low educated mother (LEM)

     

High education (LEM <1%)

0

–

–

   

Middle education (LEM 1–40%)

0.028

− 0.018

0.074

   

Low education (LEM >40%)

0.044

− 0.006

0.094

   

Proportion of low socio-economic households (LSE)

     

Rich (LSE ≤1%)

0

–

–

0

–

–

Middle (LSE 1–50%)

0.091*

0.032

0.151

0.077*

0.019

0.134

Poor (LSE >50%)

0.214*

0.142

0.287

0.193*

0.126

0.261

District hospital density

     

Low (<5 per 1,000,000 population)

0

–

–

0

–

–

Middle (5–15 per 1,000,000 population)

− 0.032

− 0.079

0.016

− 0.031

− 0.078

0.018

High (>15 per 1,000,000 population)

0.059*

− 0.113

− 0.007

− 0.045*

− 0.096

− 0.006

Sub-district health center density

     

Low (5 or less per 100,000 population)

0

–

–

   

High (>5 per 100,000 population)

− 0.032

− 0.074

0.009

   

Sub-district physician density

     

Low (8 or less per 100,000 population)

0

–

–

   

High (>8 per 100,000 population)

0.004

− 0.038

0.048

   

Village midwife density

     

Low (0.85 or less per 10,000 population)

0

–

–

   

High (>0.85 per 10,000 population)

− 0.035

− 0.078

0.008

   

Village TBA density

      

Low (<1 per 10,000 population)

0

–

–

0

–

–

Middle (1–4 per 10,000 population)

0.035*

0.011

0.081

0.025

− 0.02

0.069

High (5+ per 10,000 population)

0.120*

0.067

0.173

0.103*

0.053

0.154

Region

      

Java-Bali

0

–

–

0

–

–

Outside of Java-Bali

0.132*

0.086

0.177

0.113*

0.072

0.156

Urban–rural

      

Urban area

0

–

–

   

Rural area

− 0.052

− 0.099

0.005

   
  1. *p < 0.05