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Table 4 Delivery characteristics for women for each of the sites and for all the sites combined except Pakistan

From: Why are the Pakistani maternal, fetal and newborn outcomes so poor compared to other low and middle-income countries?

Variable

Pakistan

India

Kenya and Zambia

DRC

Guatemala

Total except Pakistan

Deliveries, N

91,076

205,203

136,567

31,604

82,902

456,276

Delivery location, N (%)

90,982

205,089

136,527

31,574

82,892

456,082

 Hospital

29,890 (32.9)

138,667 (67.6)

25,943 (19.0)

2774 (8.8)

41,275 (49.8)

208,659 (45.8)

 Clinic

24,430 (26.9)

57,820 (28.2)

63,463 (46.5)

22,084 (69.9)

1803 (2.2)

145,170 (31.8)

 Home/other

36,662 (40.3)

8602 (4.2)

47,121 (34.5)

6716 (21.3)

39,814 (48.0)

102,253 (22.4)

Delivery attendant, N (%)

90,961

205,124

136,522

31,571

82,892

456,109

 Physician

24,622 (27.1)

123,425 (60.2)

3422 (2.5)

394 (1.2)

43,986 (53.1)

171,227 (37.5)

 Nurse/Midwife/HW

19,471 (21.4)

74,243 (36.2)

86,600 (63.4)

21,625 (68.5)

964 (1.2)

183,432 (40.2)

 TBA

39,816 (43.8)

3252 (1.6)

31,468 (23.0)

7684 (24.3)

37,560 (45.3)

79,964 (17.5)

 Family/other

7052 (7.8)

4204 (2.0)

15,032 (11.0)

1868 (5.9)

382 (0.5)

21,486 (4.7)

Delivery mode, N (%)

91,005

205,126

136,527

31,572

82,889

456,114

 Vaginal

77,712 (85.4)

162,505 (79.2)

133,479 (97.8)

31,123 (98.6)

62,551 (75.5)

389,658 (85.4)

 Vaginal assisted

3012 (3.3)

1418 (0.7)

848 (0.6)

83 (0.3)

33 (0.0)

2382 (0.5)

 Cesarean delivery

10,281 (11.3)

41,203 (20.1)

2200 (1.6)

366 (1.2)

20,305 (24.5)

64,074 (14.0)

Attendant used new gloves, N (%)

49,178

120,819

65,625

33,339

219,783

 Yes

37,651 (76.6)

117,740 (97.5)

64,607 (98.4)

32,884 (98.6)

215,231 (97.9)

 No

11,527 (23.4)

3079 (2.5)

1018 (1.6)

455 (1.4)

4552 (2.1)

Clean razor to cut cord, N (%)

49,181

120,141

65,632

30,251

216,024

 Yes

48,114 (97.8)

119,281 (99.3)

64,995 (99.0)

19,668 (65.0)

203,944 (94.4)

 No

1067 (2.2)

860 (0.7)

637 (1.0)

10,583 (35.0)

12,080 (5.6)

Fetal heart rate taken, N (%)

49,152

120,116

65,532

33,462

219,110

 Yes

20,789 (42.3)

116,023 (96.6)

42,140 (64.3)

20,965 (62.7)

179,128 (81.8)

 No

28,363 (57.7)

4093 (3.4)

23,392 (35.7)

12,497 (37.3)

39,982 (18.2)

  1. Characteristics compared between the Pakistan site and all other sites combined using chi-square tests. All p values were < 0.0001