Table 1 Characteristics of deliveries with emergency caesarean section (CS) due to fetal distress and prolonged labour
Characteristics | CS due to fetal distress N = 1806 | CS due to prolonged labour N = 1322 | Total cohort N = 104,223 |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age, mean (SD) | 24.1 (4.2) | 24.3 (4.4) | 24.0 (4.3) |
Parity | Â | Â | Â |
 0-para | 1,023 (57%) | 797 (60%) | 40,538 (39%) |
 1 previous birth | 491 (27%) | 304 (23%) | 31,365 (30%) |
 2–5 previous births | 292 (16%) | 292 (17%) | 17,416 (17%) |
 Missing | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | 14,893 (14%) |
Education level | Â | Â | Â |
 Illiterate | 47 (2.6%) | 37 (2.8%) | 3134 (3.0%) |
 Literate | 118 (6.5%) | 71 (5.4%) | 6528 (6.3%) |
 Basic education | 188 (10%) | 125 (9.5%) | 11,298 (11%) |
 Secondary and above | 696 (39%) | 437 (33%) | 41,710 (40%) |
 Higher | 148 (8.2%) | 212 (16%) | 5657 (5.4%) |
 Missing | 609 (34%) | 440 (13%) | 35,896 (34%) |
Ethnicity a | Â | Â | Â |
 Advantaged groups | 922 (51%) | 627 (47%) | 52,772 (51%) |
 Disadvantaged groups | 884 (49%) | 695 (53%) | 51,031 (49%) |
 Missing | 0 | 0 | 420 (0.4%) |
Pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders | 14 (0.8%) | 10 (0.8%) | 267 (0.3%) |
Antepartum hemorrhage | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 95 (0.1%) |
Stage of labour on admission | Â | Â | Â |
 Not in labour | 522 (40%) | 706 (39%) | 19,783 (19%) |
 Latent phase of first stage of labour | 698 (53%) | 964 (53%) | 40,781 (39%) |
 Active phase of first stage of labour | 94 (7.1%) | 129 (7.1%) | 23,045 (22%) |
 Second stage of labour | 8 (0.6%) | 7 (0.4%) | 3877 (3.7%) |
 Missing | 0 | 0 | 16,234 (16%) |
Induction of labour | Â | Â | Â |
 With prostaglandins | 236 (13%) | 264 (20%) | 14,890 (14%) |
 With amniotomy | 54 (3.0%) | 42 (3.2%) | 2046 (2.0%) |
 With oxytocin | 154 (8.5%) | 161 (12%) | 7434 (7.1%) |
 No induction | 1362 (76%) | 855 (65%) | 53,627 (52%) |
 Missing | 0 | 0 | 16,324 (16%) |
Mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â |
 Spontaneous vaginal | 0 | 0 | 64,846 (62%) |
 Instrumental vaginal | 0 | 0 | 3001 (2.9%) |
 Caesarean section | 1806 (100%) | 1322 (100%) | 18,964 (18%) |
 Assisted breech | 0 | 0 | 437 (0.5%) |
 Missing | 0 | 0 | 16,939 (16%) |
Birth weight | Â | Â | Â |
 < 2500 g | 269 (15%) | 160 (12%) | 14,945 (14%) |
 ≥ 2500 g | 1366 (76%) | 971 (73%) | 66,732 (64%) |
 Missing | 171 (9.5%) | 191 (14%) | 22,546 (22%) |
Gestational age | Â | Â | Â |
 < 37 weeks | 220 (17%) | 306 (17%) | 15,665 (15%) |
 ≥ 37 weeks | 911 (74%) | 1329 (69%) | 66,012 (63%) |
 Missing | 171 (9.5%) | 191 (14%) | 22,546 (22%) |