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Table 1 Characteristics of unmarried sexually active and non-sexually active women aged 15–19 years in Ogun, South Western Nigeriaa

From: Modern contraceptive use among unmarried girls aged 15–19 years in South Western Nigeria: results from a cross-sectional baseline survey for the Adolescent 360 (A360) impact evaluation

Characteristic

Sexually active, N = 1844

Non-sexually active, N = 10,180

p valueb

Sociodemographic factors

n (%)a

n (%)a

 

Age (years)

 

 15

66 (3.6)

3213 (31.6)

 16

119 (6.5)

1854 (18.2)

 17

233 (12.6)

1692 (16.6)

 18

552 (29.9)

2006 (19.7)

 

 19

874 (47.4)

1415 (13.9)

< 0.001

 Age (years)c

18 (18–19)

17 (15–18)

 

Religion

 Catholic

36 (2.0)

245 (2.4)

 

 Protestant/other christian

1181 (64.1)

6195 (60.9)

 

 Muslim

620 (33.6)

3703 (36.4)

 

 Traditional

7 (0.38)

31 (0.30)

 

 No religion

0

1 (0.01)

 

 Other

0

3 (0.03)

0.15

Highest education level achieved

   

 No education

21 (1.1)

125 (1.2)

 

 Quranic onlyd

0

4 (0.04)

 

 Primary

109 (5.9)

363 (3.6)

 

 Secondary

1547 (83.9)

9301 (91.4)

 

 Higher education

167 (9.1)

386 (3.8)

< 0.001

Currently in education

 Yes

563 (30.5)

6328 (62.2)

 

 No

1281 (69.5)

3847 (37.8)

< 0.001

Type of residence

 Urban

662 (35.9)

3621 (35.6)

 

 Semi-urban

756 (41.0)

4257 (41.8)

 

 Rural

426 (23.1)

2302 (22.6)

0.87

Socioeconomic level

 Lowest quintile

6 (0.33)

15 (0.15)

 

 Second lowest quintile

6 (0.33)

44 (0.44)

 

 Middle quintile

62 (3.4)

213 (2.1)

 

 Second highest quintile

355 (19.7)

1587 (16.0)

 

 Highest quintile

1376 (76.2)

8060 (81.3)

< 0.001

Exposure to information about contraception

 Ever heard about contraception

  Yes

1664 (90.7)

7861 (77.6)

 

  No

171 (9.3)

2271 (22.4)

< 0.001

 Heard about contraception in the media in last 12 months?

  Yes

398 (23.9)

2177 (27.7)

 

  No

1266 (76.1)

5684 (72.3)

0.002

 Heard about contraception from health sector sources in last 12 months?

  Yes

414 (24.9)

1103 (14.0)

 

  No

1250 (75.1)

6758 (86.0)

< 0.001

 Heard about contraception from interpersonal sources in last 12 months?

  Yes

986 (59.3)

3941 (50.1)

 

  No

678 (40.8)

3920 (49.9)

< 0.001

 Knows a place where or a person from whom she would feel comfortable accessing contraception?e

  

  Yes

672 (40.5)

  No

923 (55.7)

  Don’t know

63 (3.8)

Social networks

 Perception that partner supports her using contraceptione

  Yes

1058 (65.0)

  

  No

354 (21.7)

  

  Don’t know

216 (13.3)

  

 Perception that mother supports her using contraceptione

  Yes

383 (25.7)

  

  No

747 (50.2)

  

  Don’t know

359 (24.1)

  

 Perception that friends supports her using contraceptione

  

  Yes

925 (55.6)

  No

367 (22.1)

  Don’t know

372 (22.4)

Individual knowledge, attitudes and behaviours

   

 Knowledge about contraceptionf

  0–1

60 (3.6)

547 (7.0)

 

  2–3

334 (20.1)

2126 (27.0)

  4–5

1270 (76.3)

5188 (66.0)

< 0.001

 Misconceptions about contraceptiong

  0–1

526 (31.6)

2642 (33.6)

 

  2–3

851 (51.1)

4043 (51.4)

 

  4

287 (17.3)

1176 (15.0)

0.06

 Self-efficacy for contraceptione,h

  

  0–1

280 (17.1)

  2–3

609 (37.3)

  4

745 (45.6)

 Timing of most recent sexual activity

 

  Within past week

302 (16.4)

0

  Within past month

582 (31.6)

0

  Within past year

960 (52.1)

0

  More than 1 year ago

0

1199 (11.8)

 

  Never

0

8981 (88.2)

< 0.001

 Age at first sexual intercourse

 

  < 15

192 (10.6)

257 (24.7)

  15–17

1103 (61.3)

688 (61.9)

  18–19

504 (28.0)

148 (13.3)

  Age (years)c

17 (15–18)

16 (15–17)

< 0.001

 Ever been pregnant

 

  Yes, currently pregnant

98 (20.3)

0

  Yes, currently not pregnant

379 (78.5)

166 (98.8)

  Yes, not sure if currently pregnant

6 (1.2)

2 (2.2)

  No

1358 (73.6)

10,009 (98.3)

  Don’t know

3 (0.16)

3 (0.03)

< 0.001

 Ever given birth

  Yes

178 (9.7)

99 (0.97)

 

  No

1666 (90.4)

10,081 (99.0)

< 0.001

 Unmet need for modern contraceptione,i

  

  No unmet need

1223 (71.0)

  Unmet need for spacing

496 (28.8)

  Unmet need for limiting

3 (0.17)

  Total unmet need

499 (29.0)

  1. aThe figures refer to N (%)
  2. bp value obtained using chi-squared test
  3. cMedian (IQR)
  4. dIn Nigeria, apart from the formal educational system, a non-formal Arabic and Islamic Educational System operates among the Nigerian Muslims, through Quranic schools
  5. eOnly respondents who reported sexual intercourse in the last 12 months were asked these questions
  6. fScored based on the responses to the following five questions: (1) preventing unwanted pregnancies is a benefit of contraception, (2) some contraceptive methods reduce sexually transmitted infections, (3) modern contraception can help with delaying having a first child, (4) modern contraception can help with child spacing and (5) using modern contraception can allow a woman to complete her education, find a better job and have a better life
  7. gScored based on the responses to the following four questions: (1) some modern contraception can stop an adolescent woman from ever being pregnant again even after she stops using it, (2) if a modern contraception changes an adolescent woman’s menstrual bleeding, it’s bad for her health and can harm her womb, (3) some modern contraceptives can make girls permanently fat and (4) girls who use modern contraception sleep with too many men
  8. hScored based on the responses to the following four questions: (1) felt able to start a conversation with her partner about contraception, (2) felt able to use a method of contraception even if her partner did not want her to, (3) felt able to obtain information on contraception services and products if she needed to and (4) felt able to obtain a contraceptive method if she decided to use one
  9. iDHS definition [43]. Women reporting mistimed or unwanted pregnancies or recent births were considered having unmet need for spacing and for limiting, respectively [43]. In addition, fecund women who wanted children 2 or more years in the future, or were undecided whether/when they wanted a child were regarded as having an unmet need for spacing. Fecund women who wanted no more children were regarded as having an unmet need for limiting [43]. The denominator for the calculation of unmet need is the total of unmarried women aged 15–19 years. The numerator includes only women who were not using contraception at the time of the survey [7]
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Reproductive Health

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