Table 1 Content of modules
Modules | Description and tools |
|---|---|
General visit information) | Identifiers for future contacta, including Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) numbers, as relevant Geo-informatic variables of relevance, including from where the woman travelled to seek care, and how that travel was achieved (as performed in the Community-Level Interventions in Pre-eclampsia [CLIP] Mozambique Trial) [15, 16] |
Baseline information & social determinants of health | Maternal demographics and pre-existing morbidities (Demographic Health Survey 7 [17], COLLECT database [11], and CLIP trials [18], informed by regionally-appropriate tribal categories in The Gambia, Kenya, and Mozambique Grameen Poverty Probability Index for Senegal (as a surrogate for The Gambia for which there is none), Kenya, and Mozambique [19] UN International Fund for Agricultural Development Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool, MPAT [20] Education and occupation (as in the CLIP trials [18]) Social supports and transport (as in the CLIP trials [18]) Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), WHO and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)- Household Questionnaire 2017 [21] |
Past medical and obstetric histories | COLLECT [11] CLIP trials [18] Demographic Health Survey 7 [17] |
Nutrition | Dietary Diversity Score from the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) [22] |
Current pregnancy details | COLLECT [11] CLIP trials [18] WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience, 2016 [23] Maternal Death Notification Form – South Africa 2014 [24] Maternal mental health (WHO Maternal Woice Tool – antenatal care [25]) |
Details of placental disorders | COLLECT [11] CLIP trials [18] fullPIERS [26] and miniPIERS [27, 28] predictive models of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome in pre-eclampsia Details of stillbirth in INDEPTH standardised verbal autopsy tool [29] |
Labour and delivery | COLLECT [11] CLIP trials [18] Adverse maternal outcome by Delphi consensus (fullPIERS [26] and iHOPE [30]) World Health Organization. WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2016 [23] Preterm birth phenotype [31] Intergrowth-21 standards for weight at birth [32] Averting Maternal Death and Disability (AMDD) Needs Assessment Toolkit: Modules 9 (Chart review for women with obstetric complications) and 10 (Chart review of newborn mortality) [33] ICD-MM [International Classification of Disease-Maternal Mortality (ICD-MM [34]) Maternal Death Notification Form – South Africa 2014 [24], Kenya 2017 [35] WHO 2011 Maternal Near-Miss Morbidity Approach [4] informed by an African Delphi Consensus process [36] WHO verbal autopsy tool for stillbirths [37], INDEPTH Standardized Verbal Autopsy questionnaire [29] International Classification of Disease-Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM [38] Ministry of Health Perinatal Death Review Form – Kenya (2017) WHO Making Every Baby Count initiative [39] |
Maternal and newborn outcomes | |
Postpartum health | Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, PCL-C [40] WHO Maternal Woice tool – postnatal care [41] (for mental health, violence against women and other maternal morbidity) WHODAS tool 2.0 [42] (health functioning) EN-SMILING tool [43] (early childhood development and infant nutrition) DHS-7 (also infant nutrition) [17] |