Table 3 Incidence of adverse birth outcomes by household main fuel source
From: Household fuel use and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a Ghanaian cohort study
Cooking Fuel Use | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Outcome | Polluting | Clean | |
Total | N (%) | N (%) | P-value | |
Caesarean Section (n = 784) | 86 | 30 (12) | 56 (11) | 0.72 |
Post-partum Hemorrhage (n = 700) | 21 | 9 (4) | 12 (3) | 0.35 |
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 767) | 71 | 19 (7) | 52 (10) | 0.21 |
Chronic Hypertension(n = 712) | 16 | 4 (2) | 12 (3) | 0.59 |
Miscarriage (n = 819) | 39 | 19 (7) | 20 (4) | 0.04 |
Perinatal Mortality (n = 784) | 11 | 7 (3) | 4 (1) | 0.04a |
Preterm Birth (n = 734) | 54 | 20 (8) | 34 (7) | 0.56 |
SGA (n = 723) | 18 | 7 (3) | 11 (2) | 0.63 |
Birthweight < 2500 (n = 772) | 86 | 30 (12) | 56 (11) | 0.73 |
Apgar Score < 7 at 1 min (n = 750) | 115 | 41 (16) | 74 (15) | 0.63 |
Apgar Score < 7 at 5 min (n = 748) | 29 | 16 (6) | 13 (3) | 0.01 |
Mean (SD) | Polluting Mean (SD) | Clean Mean (SD) | P-value | |
Birthweight (n = 772) | 3127 (492) | 3101 (489) | 3140 (494) | 0.29 |