Table 1 Described consequences of Perinatal Cannabis Exposure in Humans and Rodents

System

- alterations on the mesocorticolimbic system [15, 16].

- thicker prefrontal cortex [43].

- changes in the dopaminergic activity of the corpus striatum and on the prefrontal cortex [21].

- dopaminergic activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and the amygdala [13].

- alterations in the cortical glutamatergic system and affects the migration of glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic interneurons [22, 23].

- alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum [24].

Molecular

- high CB1 mRNA expression in the fetal hippocampus and amygdala [15].

- decrease in the expression of proenkephalin mRNA in the fetal striatum with a dose-dependent effect [20, 47].

- up-regulation of proenkephalin mRNA in the mesolimbic area in adult life [20, 47].

- increased expression of u-opioids in the amygdala [17,18,19,20, 47].

- decrease of k-opioid receptor mRNA in the mid-dorsal thalamus [17,18,19,20, 47].