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Table 4 Childbirth outcomes in different ethnicities, with Hindustani as reference group

From: Childbirth outcomes and ethnic disparities in Suriname: a nationwide registry-based study in a middle-income country

Outcome

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Adjusted Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Teenage pregnancy

 

a

 Maroon

2.1 (1.9–2.5)

2.1 (1.8–2.4)

 Creole

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

 Mixed

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

 Javanese

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

 Indigenous

2.7 (2.1–3.3)

2.6 (2.1–3.2)

 Chinese

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

0.3 (0.2–0.6)

 Other

1.0 (0.6–1.8)

1.1 (0.6–1.9)

Primiparous women

 

a

 Maroon

0.5 (0.4–0.5)

0.5 (0.4–0.5)

 Creole

0.7 (0.6–0.7)

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

 Mixed

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.8 (0.8–0.9)

 Javanese

0.8 (0.7–0.8)

0.7 (0.7–0.8)

 Indigenous

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

 Chinese

0.8 (0.7–1.1)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

 Other

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

1.0 (0.6–1.3)

Grand multiparous women

 

a

 Maroon

10.6 (8.7–12.8)

14.7 (11.9–18.1)

 Creole

4.0 (3.3–4.9)

4.1 (3.3–5.1)

 Mixed

2.2 (1.7–2.8)

2.2 (1.7–2.9)

 Javanese

1.8 (1.4–2.4)

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

 Indigenous

6.6 (5.0–8.6)

9.9 (7.4–13.4)

 Chinese

0.4 (0.2–0.9)

0.3 (0.1–0.8)

 Other

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

1.6 (0.7–3.4)

Severe anemia

a

 Maroon

3.7 (2.1–6.5)

2.4 (1.4–4.3)

 Creole

1.9 (1.0–3.4)

1.7 (0.9–3.0)

 Mixed

1.1 (0.5–2.4)

1.8 (0.8–4.2)

 Javanese

0.2 (0.1–0.8)

0.3 (0.1–1.3)

 Indigenous

1.6 (0.5–4.8)

1.1 (0.4–3.5)

 Chinese

N/A

N/A

 Other

N/A

N/A

Cesarean section

 

b

 Maroon

0.4 (0.4–0.5)

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

 Creole

0.7 (0.6–0.7)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

 Mixed

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

 Javanese

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

 Indigenous

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

0.8 (0.6–0.9)

 Chinese

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

 Other

2.0 (1.4–2.7)

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

Post partum hemorrhage

 

c

 Maroon

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

1.5 (1.0–2.4)

 Creole

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

 Mixed

1.4 (0.8–2.3)

1.2 (0.7–1.9)

 Javanese

1.2 (0.7–2.0)

1.1 (0.7–2.0)

 Indigenous

3.2 (1.8–5.5)

3.0 (1.7–5.3)

 Chinese

2.2 (1.0–4.8)

2.1 (0.9–4.6)

 Other

1.9 (0.4–7.8)

1.4 (0.3–6.0)

Preterm birth

 

a

 Maroon

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

 Creole

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

 Mixed

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

 Javanese

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

 Indigenous

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

 Chinese

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

 Other

0.8 (0.5–1.4)

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

Low birth weight

 

b

 Maroon

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

 Creole

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

 Mixed

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

 Javanese

0.5 (0.4–0.5)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

 Indigenous

0.7 (0.5–0.8)

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

 Chinese

0.4 (0.3–0.6)

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

 Other

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

Low APGAR score

 

c

 Maroon

1.8 (1.4–2.3)

1.6 (1.2–2.0)

 Creole

1.6 (1.3–2.1)

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

 Mixed

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

 Javanese

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

 Indigenous

1.2 (0.7–1.9)

1.1 (0.6–2.0)

 Chinese

0.4 (0.1–1.0)

0.5 (0.1–1.7)

 Other

N/A

N/A

Late stillbirth

 

c

 Maroon

2.1 (1.5–3.0)

1.7 (1.1–2.5)

 Creole

1.5 (1.1–2.3)

1.4 (0.9–2.1)

 Mixed

0.9 (0.6–1.6)

1.0 (0.6–1.8)

 Javanese

0.5 (0.2–0.9)

0.4 (0.2–0.9)

 Indigenous

1.1 (0.5–2.3)

1.1 (0.5–2.5)

 Chinese

0.2 (0.0–1.6)

0.3 (0.0–2.4)

 Other

N/A

N/A

Maternal death

 

d

 Maroon

3.4 (0.8–15.7)

3.3 (0.7–16.1)

 Creole

1.2 (0.2–7.2)

1.2 (0.2–7.1)

 Mixed

N/A

N/A

 Javanese

1.7 (0.2–12.4)

1.8 (0.2–12.5)

 Indigenous

2.5 (0.2–27.5)

2.5 (0.2–28.5)

 Chinese

4.5 (0.4–49.4)

4.7 (0.4–53.4)

 Other

N/A

N/A

  1. Bold = significant results.N/A not available
  2. aAdjusted for maternal age and hospital
  3. bAdjusted for maternal age, parity, hospital, birth weight, gestational age
  4. cAdjusted for maternal age, parity, hospital, cesarean section, birth weight, gestational age
  5. dAdjusted for maternal age, parity and hospital