Table 4 Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis of individual and community level factors associated with LACs utilization among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016

Age of respondent

 15–24

1

1

 25–34

1.30 (0.98–1.75)

1.22 (0.91–1.63)

 35–49

1.12 (0.80–1.58)

1.00 (0.70–1.42)

Marital status

 Never married

1

1

 Married

2.19 (1.12–4.29)

2.50 (1.29–4.85)**

 Formerly married

1.45 (0.66–3.19)

1.60 (0.73–3.51)

Wealth index

 Poorest

1

1

 Poorer

1.48 (1.01–2.18)

1.34 (0.92–1.97)

 Middle

1.47 (0.98–2.20)

1.30 (0.86–1.96)

 Richer

1.33 (0.88–1.99)

1.14 (0.75–1.72)

 Richest

1.66 (1.03–2.66)

1.06 (0.60–1.87)

Educational Status

 No education

1

1

 Primary

0.80 (0.61–1.05)

0.76 (0.58–1.00)

 Secondary and above

1.00 (0.68–1.47)

0.88 (1.09–1.84)

Working status

 Not working

1

1

 Working

1.36 (1.09–1.69)

1.33(1.07–1.65)*

Number of living children

 Have no children

1

1

 Have 1–2

2.11 (1.41–3.17)

2.13 (1.42–3.20)**

 Have 3–4

1.60 (0.98–2.62)

1.66 (1.01–2.73)*

 Have > 4

1.45 (0.83–2.53)

1.62 (0.92–2.85)

Fertility preference

 Want another

1

1

 Undecided

0.81 (0.48–1.37)

0.80 (0.48–1.35)

 Want no more

1.47 (1.14–1.91)

1.42 (1.09–1.84)*

Terminated pregnancy

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.57 (0.40–0.82)

0.56 (0.39–0.80)**

Distance to HF

 Not a big problem

1

1

 A big problem

0.72 (0.58–0.90)

0.76 (0.61–0.95)*

Residence

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

0.71 (0.47–1.08)

0.65 (0.36–1.19)

Community media exposure

 High media exposure

1

1

 Low media exposure

0.73 (0.49–1.07)

0.74(0.50–2.15)

Contextual region

 Agrarian

1

1

 Pastoral

0.19 (0.12–0.28)

0.21 (0.13–0.32)**

 Urban

1.33 (0.98–1.81)

1.57 (1.15–2.15)**

Random effect

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Variance

1.37

0.89

0.84

0.79

ICC (%)

29.33

21.34

20.30

19.29

PCV (%)

Reference

35.04

38.69

42.34

MOR

3.03 (2.69–3.49)

2.45 (2.20–2.77)

2.39 (2.14–2.69)

2.32 (2.10–2.61)

LLR

− 3070.92

-2917.21

− 2961.30

− 2854.54

Deviance

6141.84

5834.42

5922.60

5709.08