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Table 4 Adjusted multinomial relative risk ratios (RRR) of using no method and using hormonal/LARC methods, relative to using other methods, by sociodemographic characteristics among 15–24 year-olds

From: Contraceptive and abortion practices of young Ghanaian women aged 15–24: evidence from a nationally representative survey

 

Relative to using other methods

 

No method

Hormonal/LARC methodsa and sterilization

RRR (95% CI)

RRR (95% CI)

Zone

  

Northern

1.90 (0.80, 4.50)

1.90 (0.87, 4.19)

Middle

(ref)

(ref)

Coastal

1.08 (0.51, 2.29)

0.96 (0.50, 1.85)

Residence

  

Urban

(ref)

(ref)

Rural

2.31 (1.06, 5.04)*

1.43 (0.69, 2.98)

Union status

  

Not in union

(ref)

(ref)

In union (married/cohabiting)

0.65 (0.31, 1.38)

0.96 (0.45, 2.02)

Sexual activity

  

Had sex in last month

(ref)

(ref)

Had sex > 1 month ago

5.15 (2.60, 10.21)*

0.71 (0.39, 1.29)

Pregnancy/birth history

Never pregnant

(ref)

(ref)

Ever pregnant, no birth

1.34 (0.53, 3.37)

2.81 (1.03, 7.66)*

1 birth

1.10 (0.52, 2.31)

3.01 (1.58, 5.77)*

2 + births

2.49 (1.01, 6.14)*

4.62 (1.95, 10.94)*

Education

None

(ref)

(ref)

Primary

0.15 (0.01, 1.70)

0.29 (0.02, 3.77)

Middle and higher

0.22 (0.02, 1.99)

0.41 (0.04, 4.76)

Wealth

Poorest 60%

(ref)

(ref)

Richest 40%

1.88 (0.92, 3.82)

1.37 (0.76, 2.45)

Importance of avoiding pregnancy

Very important

(ref)

(ref)

Somewhat important

1.46 (0.47, 4.54)

0.95 (0.35, 2.56)

Not at all important

1.36 (0.45, 4.09)

0.40 (0.16, 0.99)

Number of women

167

207

  1. Model excludes women who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant
  2. aHormonal/LARC methods include implant, IUD, injectable (3-month and 1-month), pill and EC
  3. *p < 0.05