First author, year | Study period | N | Country | Population (mean/median age) | Intervention | Comparison | Outcomes reported | Study design | Follow up period | Funding | Risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbuhl, 1997 | 1990–1991 | 24 = LTL 182 = Control | US | 30.8 vs. 24.1 | LTL | No sterilization | Adverse events | Retrospective cohort study | Not reported | Not reported | Medium |
Antoun, 2017 | 2005–2015 | 1085 = HTO 2412 = LTL | UK | 36.1 vs. 35.6 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Adverse events Tolerability | Observational Cohort | 1–10 years | Not reported | Low |
Bouillon, 2018 | 2010–2015 | 71,303 = HTO 34,054 = LTL | France | 41.5 vs. 40.8 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Adverse events Tolerability Patient recovery | Cohort, nation-wide database | 1–3 years | Not reported | Low |
Carmona, 2003 | 1994 | 31 = LTL 31 = Control | Spain | 36.4 vs. 36.1 | LTL | No sterilization | Adverse events | Case–control | 5 years | Not reported | Low |
Carney, 2017 | 2010–2012 | 12,031 = HTO 7286 = LTL | US | 37.0 vs. 35.8 | HTO | LTL | Costs to Healthcare System | Retrospective Cohort | 6 months | Supported by Bayer HealthCare | Low |
Conover, 2015 | 2005–2012 | 26,927 = HTO 44,948 = LTL | US | 37.8 vs. 36.6 | HTO | LTL | Adverse events | Prospective Cohort (administrative claims) | 275 days HTO 283 days LTL | Investigator funding from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and HIH, National 7Heart Lung & Blood Institute | Low |
Duffy, 2005 | Not reported | 59 = HTO 24 = LTL | UK | 35.1 vs. 36.1 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Adverse Tolerability Length of Procedure | Cohort controlled comparative trial | 3 months | Not reported | Medium |
Falconer, 2015 | 1973–2009 | 34,433 = BS 81,658 = LTL 5,449,119 = Unexposed | Sweden | 35.7 vs. 37.9 vs. 35.9 | BS LTL | No sterilization | Non-contraceptive benefits | Population based cohort study | 18 years BS 21.4 years LTL 23.1 years no sterilization | Stockholm City Council | Low |
Fernandez, 2014 | 2006–2010 | 39,169 = HTO 70,108 = LTL | France | 41 vs. 40 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness | Retrospective cohort (hospital discharge) | 1–4 years | Conceptus (manufacturer of Essure) provided CB, LL expenses for this study | Low |
Franchini, 2009 | 2005–2007 | 24 = LTL 25 = HTO | Italy | Not reported | HTO | LTL | Patient Recovery Cost to the healthcare system Length of procedure | Case–control Activity based cost management | Not reported | Not reported | Medium |
Gaitskell, 2016 | 1996–2001 | 294,724 = LTL 984,059 = Control | UK | 55.4 vs. 56.3 | LTL | No sterilization | Adverse events Non-contraceptive benefits | Prospective cohort study | 13.8 years LTL 13.8 years no sterilizations | Cancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council | Low |
Greisman, 1991 | 1981–1987 | 22 = Ectopic with LTL 268 = Ectopic no LTL | Canada | 33.5 | LTL | No sterilization | Adverse events | Case–control | Not reported | Not reported | Medium |
Hanley, 2018 | 2008–2014 | 19,424 = LTL 5839 = BS | Canada (BC) | 35.3 vs. 36.4 | LTL | BS | Adverse events | Retrospective cohort study | 2 weeks | Canadian Cancer Society Research Institutes, CIHR, UBC Hospital Foundation | Low |
Hopkins, 2007 | 2003–2004 | 43 = HTO 44 = LTL | US | 37.2 vs. 37.7 | HTO (operating room) | LTL | Costs to the healthcare system Length of procedure | Retrospective cohort study | Not reported | Not reported | Low |
Jokinen, 2017 | 2009–2014 | 5631 = HTO 4425 = LTL | Finland | 38.0 vs. 35.5, 37.8 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Tolerability | National Register, study linkage | Not reported | Not reported | Low |
Kjer, 1990 | 1978–1981 | 10,104 = LTL 847,012 = Control | Denmark | NA | LTL | No sterilization | Effectiveness Adverse events | Case–control | 4–7 years | Not reported | Medium |
Kim, 2019 | 2013–2016 | 180 = BS 274 = LTL | US | 32.3 vs. 33.1 | LTL | BS | Adverse events Length of procedure | Retrospective cohort study | Not reported | Not reported | Low |
Lessard-Anderson, 2014 | 1966–2009 | 194 = Cases 388 = Controls | US | 61.4 vs. 61.4 | BS LTL | Matched control | Non-contraceptive benefits | Case–control (nested) | 44 years | Not reported | Low |
Levie, 2005 | Unspecified | Unspecified | US | Unspecified | HTO (office setting) | LTL (surgical) | Costs to the healthcare system | Case–control Cost comparison analysis | Not reported | Not reported | Low |
Madsen, 2015 | 1982–2011 | 13,241 = Cases (ovarian cancer) 194,689 = Controls (ovarian cancer) 3605 = Cases (ovarian tumour) 53,322 = Controls (ovarian tumour) | Denmark | Each case (30–84, no previous cancer) matched with 15 randomly selected matched on date of birth from Civil Registration | BS, LTL | No sterilization | Non-contraceptive benefits | Case–control (register-based) | Not reported | Danish Cancer Society Scientific Board | Low |
Malacova, 2014 | 1990–2010 | 278 = HTO 20,429 = LTL 553 = BS 22,295 = unspecified | Australia | 18–44 | HTO, BS, LTL | Unspecified destruction of tubes | Adverse events | Retrospective cohort study | Up to 15 years | Not reported | Low |
Mao, 2019 | 2005–2016 | 10,143 = HTO 53,206 = LTL | US (New York) | 34.9 vs. 34.1 | HTO | LTL | Tolerability Non-contraceptive benefits | Observational cohort | 7 years | Not reported | Low |
Mao, 2015 | 2005–2013 | 8048 = HTO 44,278 = LTL | US (New York) | 54.9% vs. 55.3% between 30–39 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Adverse events Tolerability Length of procedures Costs to healthcare system | Observational, Population based cohort study | 1 year | UO1 grant (NIH- 1U01FD004494-01). MDEpiNet Science and Infrastructure Centre. JM is an analyst within the Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) Patient Centered Comparative Effectiveness Program and the Medical Device Epidemiology Network’s (MDEpiNet) Science and Infrastructure Center: AS is the director of the Center) | Low |
McAlpine, 2014 | 2008–2011 | 1569 = BS 13,719 = LTL | Canada (British Columbia) | 36.0 vs. 34.8 | BS | LTL | Patient recovery Adverse events Length of procedure | Retrospective cohort study | Not reported | Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia Hospital Foundation and the British Columbia Cancer Foundation | Low |
Niblock, 2014 | 2008–2011 | 60 = HTO 25 = LTL | UK | 36.5 vs. 35.1 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Tolerability Adverse events Patient Recovery | Retrospective chart review | 6–50 months | Not reported | Medium |
Perkins, 2016 | 2007–2013 | 27,724 = HTO 42,391 = LTL | US | 37.4 vs. 36.7 | HTO | LTL | Effectiveness Adverse events Tolerability | Retrospective cohort study | 2.25 years HTO 2.33 years LTL | Not reported | Low |
Powell, 2017 | 2011–2016 | 1483 = BS 2229 = LTL | US (Northern California) | 36 vs. 36 | BS | LTL | Adverse events Patient recovery Length of procedure | Retrospective cohort study | 5 years | Not reported | Low |
Rulin, 1993 | Not reported | 500 = LTL 466 = Comparison | US (3 hospitals: Pittsburgh, Atlanta, NY) | 28 vs. 27 | LTL | No sterilization | Adverse events | Cohort | 3–4.5 years | 2 R01 HD 19398-04 National Institutes of Health | Medium |
Steward, 2017 | 2009–2012 | 3929 = HTO 10,875 = LTL | US | 31.8 vs. 30.4 | HTO | LTL | Adverse events | Retrospective cohort study | 24 months | Financial support from Bayer for the study, and employees involved in design, execution, analysis, reporting of this paper | Low |
Syed, 2007 | 2003–2004 | 20 = LTL 20 = HTO | US – Staten Island Uni | 42.5 vs. 38 | HTO | LTL | Adverse events Patient Recovery Length of procedure | Cohort study | 6 months | Not reported | High |
Theil, 2008 | HTO = 2005–2006 LTL = 2001–2004 | 108 = HTO 104 = LTL | Regina, Canada | 36.8 vs. 33.4 | HTO | LTL | Tolerability Length of procedure Costs to the healthcare system | Retrospective cohort study | Not reported | Not reported | Medium |
Trussel, 1995 | 1991–1993 | 20,000 public payments from commercial insurers | United States | Not reported | LTL | LNG-IUC | Costs to the healthcare system | Cohort | Not reported | Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories | Medium |
Westberg, 2017 | 2011–2015 | 81 = BS 68 = LTL | US (UC Davis Medical Center) | 35.6 vs. 36.2 | BS | LTL | Adverse events Length of procedure | Retrospective cohort study (chart review) | 30 days | Not reported | Low |
Zerden, 2018 | 2014–2015 | 13 = BS 5 = Current LTL 22 = Historical LTL | US | 35.0 vs. 34.6 vs. 34.9 | BS | LTL (current and historical) | Adverse events Length of procedure | Cohort study | Not reported | Ligasure Instruments (bipolar sealing device) donated by Medtronic/Covidien | Low |