S. no. | Author, country, publication year | Type of support | Source of support | Sample size | Setting | Study design | Measurement | Measure of association | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental health problems | Social support | ||||||||
1 | Abujilban SK., et al., Jordan, 2013 [58] | General support | Family/non-family | 218 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | DUSOCS (12 item) | r = − 0.022, P > 0.05 |
2 | Adewuya AO., et al., Nigeria, 2007 [59] | Emotional/instrumental support | Partner | 181 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | PSSS | AOR: 6.08 (1.42, 26.04) |
3 | Agostini F., et al., Italy, 2015 [60] | General support | Partner/family/friend | 404 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | MSPSS | AOR: 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) |
4 | Akiki S., et al., UK, 2016 [61] | General support | Family | 1992 | Facility | Longitudinal | Anxiety: STAI | PSS | β = − 0.044, P = 0.029 |
Partner | β = − 0.033, P = 0.0051 | ||||||||
5 | Anindyajati G., et al., Indonesia, 2017 [62] | General support | Partner/family | 107 | Community | Cross-sectional | Depression: LPGD | KD-24 item | AOR 0.21(0.05, 0.84) |
6 | Bayrampour H., et al., Canada, 2015 [63] | General support | Family/partner | 3021 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | MOS-SSS (19 item) | AOR 3.09 (1.65, 5.78) |
Anxiety: STAI | AOR 3.37 (2.14, 5.33) | ||||||||
7 | Belay YB., et al., Ethiopia, 2018 [64] | General support | Partner | 363 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: BDI | MSSS | AOR 4.76 (1.51, 14.28) |
8 | Bernard O., et al., Jamaica, 2018 [65] | Emotional support | Partner | 3571 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | MSPSS | AOR 3.14 (1.69, 5.84) |
9 | Biratu A., et al., Ethiopia, 2015 [66] | General support | Partner | 422 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | PSS | AOR 1.89 (1.06, 3.35) |
10 | Bisetegn TA., et al., Ethiopia, 2016 [67] | General support | Family/Partner | 527 | Community | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR 1.57 (0.79,3.11) |
11 | Cankorur vs., et al., Turkey, 2015 [68] | Emotional/practical support | Family/partner | 730 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | CPQ | AOR 1.07, (1.01, 1.15) |
12 | Chee C., et al., Singapore, 2005 [69] | General support | Family/partner | 724 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | MOS-SSS (19 item) | AOR 2.53 (1.07–6.02) |
13 | Cheng E., et al., USA, 2016 [70] | General support | Friend/partner/relatives | 1764 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | PSS | AOR: 3.1 (1.7, 5.7) (Project viva) |
877 | Anxiety: STAI | AOR: 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) (Project access) | |||||||
14 | Clements AD., et al., USA, 2016 [71] | General support | Family/partner | 106 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: CESD | PPP | β = − 0.44, P < 0.001 (1st trimester) |
β = − 0.33, P < 0.001 (2nd trimester) | |||||||||
15 | Dibaba Y., et al., Ethiopia, 2013 [72] | General support | Family/partner | 627 | Community | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | MSSS | AOR 4.34 (2.12, 9.1) |
16 | Dong X., et al., China, 2013 [73] | General support | Partner | 520 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR: 1.75 (0.16–19.28), |
Parents | AOR: 0.56 (0.06–5.13), | ||||||||
Parents-in-law | AOR: 0.74 (0.24–2.23) | ||||||||
17 | Dudas R., et al., Hungary, 2012 [74] | General support | Partner | 1719 | Community | Cross-sectional | Depression: LQ | MSPSS | AOR: 1.79(1.32–1.89) |
18 | Duko B., et al., Ethiopia, 2019 [75] | General support | Partner/parents/parents-in-law | 317 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR: 2.14 (1.49, 3.11) |
19 | Schetter DC., et al., Canada, 2016 [76] | General support | Family/partner | 5271 | Facility | Longitudinal | Anxiety: BIPS | MOS-SSS (19 item) | β = 0.08 (0.01, 0.15), P > 0.05 |
20 | Fall A., et al., Canada, 2013 [57] | General support | Family | 5337 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: CES-D | ASSI | AOR: 4.47 (3.55–5.63) |
21 | Gao L., et al., China, 2019 [77] | Emotional/Instrumental support | Partner | 278 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Anxiety: SAS | PSSS | AOR: 2.86 (1.70, 4.83), |
Depression: EPDS | AOR: 2.56 (1.52, 4.30) | ||||||||
22 | Golbasi Z., et al., Turkey, 2010 [78] | Emotional/Instrumental support | Family/partner/friend | 258 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | MSPSS | r = − 0.43; P < 0.001 |
23 | Gourounti K., et al., Greece, 2013 [79] | General support | Family/friends/partner | 165 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Anxiety: STAI | SSQ-6 | β = 0.131 (0.19, 2.37) |
24 | Hain S., et al., Germany, 2016 [80] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/partner/non-family | 297 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | F-SozU K-14 | r = − 0.45, p < 0.01 |
25 | Herbell K., et al., USA, 2019 [81] | General support | Family/partner | 82 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: CESD | MOS-SSS (19 item) | β = − 0.751, P < 0.001 |
26 | Heyningen T., et al., South Africa, 2017 [82] | Emotional/instrumental support | Friends | 376 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Anxiety: MINI | MSPSS | AOR: 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
27 | Jeong H., et al., South Africa, 2013 [83] | Emotional support | Mother | 1262 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | MSPSS | AOR: 1.5 (1.31–1.71) |
28 | Lau Y., et al., China, 2011 [84] | Emotional/tangible support | Family | 1609 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | ISEL | AOR: 1.9 (1.582, 2.520) |
29 | Lee AM., et al., Hong Kong, 2007 [85] | Emotional/instrumental support | Partner | 357 | Facility | Longitudinal | Anxiety: HADS | PSSS | AOR: 1.72 (1.05, 2.85) |
Depression: HADS | AOR: 1.69 (1.01, 2.85) | ||||||||
30 | Li Y., et al., China, 2017 [86] | Emotional/instrumental support | Partner | 240 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | PSSS | AOR 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) |
31 | Nath A.,et al., India, 2019 [87] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/partner | 380 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Anxiety: PRT | MSPSS | AOR: 1.76 (1.04, 2.98) |
32 | Onah MN., et al., South Africa, 2016 [88] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/friends/partner | 376 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Self-Harm: SIB | MSPSS | AOR: 1.07 (1.01, 1.15) |
33 | Pajulo M., et al., Finland, 2001 [89] | General support | Partner/parents/mother in-law/friend | 391 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | SSQ-12 | AOR: 4.2 (0.9, 20.2) |
34 | Rashid A., et al., Malaysia, 2017 [90] | General support | Partner/parents/parents-in-law | 3000 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR: 2.16 (1.77, 2.64) |
35 | Rubertsson C.et al., Sweden, 2003 [91] | General support | Partner/parents/parents-in-law | 608 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR: 6.9 (3.4, 13.9) |
36 | Shafaie FS., et al., Iran, 2017 [92] | General support | Family/Partner | 372 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Anxiety: DASS | PRQ- 85 | r = − 0.456, p < .001 |
Depression: DASS | r = − 0.642, p < .001 | ||||||||
37 | Sheeba B., et al., India, 2019 [93] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/friends/partner | 280 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | MSPSS | AOR: 1.785 (0.915, 3.48) |
38 | Sidebottom AC., et al., USA, 2017[94] | General support | Family/friend | 2341 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: PHQ-9 | MSSI | AOR: 1.85 (1.31, 2.60) |
39 | Spoozak L., et al., USA, 2008 [95] | Emotional/instrumental support | Mother/partner | 783 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: CIDI | MKSSI | AOR: 2.39 (1.63, 3.52) |
40 | Stewart RC., et al., Malawi, 2014 [96] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/partner/friend | 503 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: DSM IV | MSPSS | AOR 1.11 (1.04, 1.17) |
41 | Xian T., et al., China, 2019 [97] | General support | Family/partner | 1220 | Facility | Longitudinal | Anxiety: HAMA | SSRS-10 | AOR: 5.09 (2.41, 10.77) |
Depression: SDS | AOR 3.18 (1.46, 6.96) | ||||||||
42 | Verreault N., et al., Canada, 2014 [98] | General support | Family/partner/friends | 364 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | MOS-SSS (19 item) | β: − 0.32, P < 0.001 |
43 | Woldetensay YK.,et al., Ethiopia, 2018 [99] | General support | Family/friends/partner | 4680 | Community | Longitudinal | Depression: PHQ-9 | MSSS | AOR: 1.63 (1.31–2.02) |
44 | Yanikkerem E., et al., Turkey, 2013 [100] | Emotional/instrumental support | Partner | 651 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: BDI | PSSS | β = 2.42, (0.707, 4.135) |
45 | Zeng Y., et al., China, 2015 [101] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/partner/friend | 292 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: SDS | SSRS-10 | AOR 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) |
46 | Sahile MA., et al., Ethiopia, 2017 [102] | General support | Partner/parents/parents-in-law | 231 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: BDI | OSSS-3 | AOR: 2.63 (0.34, 20 |
47 | Records C., et al., USA, 2007 [103] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/friends/partner | 139 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: CESD | MSPSS | β = 1.64, P < 0.001 |
48 | Marchesi C., et al., Italy, 2014 [104] | General support | Family/friends/partner | 277 | Facility | Longitudinal | Anxiety: HADS | ASSI | AOR: 4.2 (1.1, 15.5) |
49 | Waqas A., et al., Pakistan, 2015 [105] | General support | Family/friend/ partner/others | 500 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Anxiety-HADS | SPS | r =  − 0.433, P < 0.001 |
Depression-HADS | r =  − 0.453, P < 0.001 | ||||||||
50 | Westdahl C., et al., USA, 2007 [106] | General support | Family/parent | 1047 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: CESD | SSRS-10 | AOR: 2.29 (1.21, 4.33) |
51 | Nasreen HE., et al., Bangladesh, 2011 [107] | General support | Partner/parents/parents-in-law | 720 | Community | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR: 2.23 (2.12, 3.62) |
Anxiety: STAI | β: -1.1447, P < 0.05 | ||||||||
52 | Leigh B., et al., Australia, 2008 [39] | General support | Family/friend/partner/others | 367 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: BDI | SPS | β = − 0.18, P < 0.001 |
53 | Martini J., et al., Germany, 2015 [108] | General support | Family/friends/partner | 306 | Community | Longitudinal | Anxiety: CIDI-V | SSQ-12 | AOR: 2.27 (1.42, 3.70) |
Depression: CIDI V | AOR: 2.43, (1.19, 5) | ||||||||
54 | Rubertsson C. et al., Sweden, 2003 [91] | General support | Partner/parent/parents-in-law | 3011 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | OSSS-3 | AOR: 4.4 (2.7, 7.4) |
55 | Huang M., et al., Taiwan, 2019 [109] | General support | Family/friends/partner | 158 | Facility | Longitudinal | Anxiety: STAI | MSSS | β =  − 0.79(− 1.16, − 0.42) |
Depression: EPDS | β =  − 0.44 (− 0.63, − 0.24) | ||||||||
56 | Jesse ED., et l, USA, 2005 [110] | General support | Partner/others | 130 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: BDI | PPP | AOR:1(0.98,1.02),P > 0.05 |
57 | Blaney NT., et al., USA, 2004 [111] | General support | Friend/partner/relatives | 325 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: CESD | PSS | r = − 0.25, P < 0.001 |
58 | Glazier RH., et al., Canada, 2004 [112] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/friends/partner | 2052 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: CESD, | MSPSS | r = − 7.38, P < 0.01 |
Longitudinal | Anxiety: STAI | r = − 7.34, P < 0.01 | |||||||
59 | Senturk V., et al., 2011 [113] | General support | Partner | 772 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | CPQ | β = − 2.6 (− 3.6, − 1.7) |
Emotional support | Mother in-low | β = − 2.6,95%CI (-4.6,-1.9) | |||||||
Practical support | β = -0.8,95%CI (-1.4,-0.3) | ||||||||
60 | Gausia k., et al., Bangladesh, 2009 [18] | General support | Mother in-low | 361 | Community | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | PPP | AOR:2.41(1.31, 4.45) |
Partner | AOR: 8.26 (1.66, 41) | ||||||||
61 | Shidhaye P., et al., India, 2017 [114] | General support | Friend/partner/relatives | 302 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | PSS | AOR: 3.33 (1.42, 5) |
62 | Hartley M., et al., South Africa, 2011 [115] | Emotional/practical support | Family/partner | 1062 | Facility | Longitudinal | Depression: EPDS | CPQ | AOR: 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) |
63 | Rwakarema M et al., Tanzania, 2017 [116] | General support | Family/friends/partner | 397 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | MSSS | AOR: 1.41 (0.60, 3.28) |
64 | Heyningen T et al., South Africa, 2016 [117] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/friends/partner | 376 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Depression: EPDS | MSPSS | AOR: 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) |
65 | e Couto T., et al., Brazil, 2016 [43] | General support | Partner/parents/parents-in-law | 255 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Self-harm: MINI | OSSS-3 | AOR: 1.75 (0.62, 5), |
66 | Pinheiro RT., et al., Brazil, 2012 [118] | Emotional/instrumental support | Family/friends/partner | 871 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Self-harm: MINI | MOS-SSS (7 item) | AOR: 3.03 (1.78, 5.26) |
67 | Supraja, TA., et al., 2016 India [119] | General support | Spouse, other family members, and friends | 462 | Facility | Cross-sectional | Self-harm: SBQ-R | MSSS-8 item | AOR: 1.17 (1.02, 2.35) |