Table 2 Logistic regression analyses for factors associated with medical help-seeking

Household income^a

 Low

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Lower-middle

1.31

1.30

0.92–1.83

0.14

1.28

0.95–1.73

0.10

 Upper-middle

1.44

1.44

1.01–2.06

0.04

1.37

1.00–1.86

0.05

 High

1.90

1.92

1.32–2.78

0.001

1.78

1.29–2.47

< 0.001

Wife’s age, years

 ≤ 29

Ref

Ref

Ref

 30–34

1.53

1.15

0.71–1.86

0.58

1.15

0.74–1.79

0.52

 35–39

1.80

1.14

0.71–1.86

0.59

1.16

0.74–1.79

0.52

 ≥ 40

2.42

1.22

0.74–2.01

0.45

1.28

0.81–2.02

0.29

Husband’s age, years

 ≤ 29

Ref

–

–

–

–

–

–

 30–34

1.38

–

–

–

–

–

–

 35–39

1.99

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ≥ 40

2.76

–

–

–

–

–

–

Length of the marriage, years

 ≤ 4

Ref

Ref

Ref

 5–9

1.55

1.85

1.34–2.55

< 0.001

1.74

1.30–2.33

< 0.001

 10–14

2.02

2.33

1.61–3.38

< 0.001

2.30

1.63–3.23

< 0.001

 ≥ 15

2.05

2.42

1.61–3.64

< 0.001

2.47

1.70–3.59

< 0.001

Wife’s educational level

 High school education or less

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Vocational or junior college education

1.27

1.13

0.89–1.43

0.32

1.11

0.90–1.38

0.32

 University education or higher

1.31

1.11

0.83–1.48

0.48

1.16

0.89–1.51

0.27

Husband’s educational level

 High school education or less

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Vocational or junior college education

1.27

1.28

0.98–1.69

0.07

1.25

0.97–1.61

0.08

 University education or higher

1.46

1.22

0.96–1.56

0.10

1.27

1.02–1.59

0.03

Wife’s employment status

 Full-time worker

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Part-time worker

1.10

1.28

0.98–1.69

0.07

1.23

0.96–1.59

0.10

 Self-employed

1.04

1.14

0.71–1.83

0.60

1.03

0.66–1.60

0.89

 Unemployed

1.11

1.48

1.12–1.95

0.01

1.39

1.08–1.79

0.01

Husband’s employment status

 Full-time worker

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Part-time worker

0.87

0.79

0.53–1.18

0.24

0.85

0.58–1.25

0.41

 Self-employed

1.00

0.98

0.70–1.38

0.92

1.10

0.80–1.50

0.55

 Unemployed

0.97

1.11

0.47–2.63

0.82

1.33

0.59–3.00

0.49

Number of existing children

 0

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1

1.15

1.02

0.78–1.32

0.90

0.96

0.75–1.22

0.73

 2

0.96

0.62

0.46–0.84

0.002

0.62

0.47–0.82

0.001

 ≥ 3

0.73

0.48

0.31–0.74

0.001

0.46

0.31–0.67

 < 0.001

Living with parents

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.97

1.13

0.90–1.42

0.30

1.11

0.90–1.37

0.32

Desire to have a child

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.06

1.01

0.78–1.31

0.92

0.98

0.78–1.23

0.85

Residential region

 Hokkaido

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Tohoku

0.99

0.70

0.34–1.43

0.32

0.83

0.45–1.56

0.57

 Kanto

1.20

0.69

0.36–1.32

0.26

0.78

0.45–1.36

0.38

 Chubu

1.21

0.82

0.43–1.58

0.55

0.88

0.50–1.54

0.65

 Kinki

1.45

0.92

0.47–1.78

0.80

1.02

0.58–1.81

0.95

 Chugoku/Shikoku

1.40

0.94

0.47–1.87

0.86

1.12

0.62–2.03

0.72

 Kyushu/Okinawa

1.19

0.88

0.44–1.76

0.72

1.05

0.58–1.91

0.87

Population size and density

 Non-densely inhabited district

Ref

Ref

Ref

 < 200,000 inhabitants

0.94

0.93

0.70–1.22

0.58

0.95

0.74–1.22

0.68

 200,000 to 1,000,000 inhabitants

1.33

1.18

0.91–1.54

0.21

1.18

0.93–1.50

0.18

 > 1,000,000 inhabitants

1.24

1.07

0.79–1.44

0.68

1.09

0.83–1.43

0.56