Timing of first antenatal care visits and number of items of antenatal care contents received and associated factors in Ethiopia: multilevel mixed effects analysis

Woldeamanuel, Berhanu Teshome; Belachew, Tadesse Ayele

doi:10.1186/s12978-021-01275-9

Reproductive Health

Table 2 Characteristics of mothers and Timing of first ANC visits among mothers (n = 6645), EDHS 2016

From: Timing of first antenatal care visits and number of items of antenatal care contents received and associated factors in Ethiopia: multilevel mixed effects analysisZeitpunkt der ersten Besuche bei der Schwangerenvorsorge und Anzahl der erhaltenen Inhalte der Schwangerenvorsorge und damit verbundene Faktoren in Äthiopien: Mehrebenenanalyse mit gemischten Effekten

Variables	Categories	Number of women		Timing of first ANC visits				p-value^a
		Number of women		Late		Within first Trimester
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Birth order	1	1248	18.8	593	51.8	551	48.2	< 0.001
	2–3	2064	31.1	925	58.6	654	41.4
	4–5	1547	23.3	644	64.5	355	35.5
	6 +	1786	26.9	710	73.7	253	26.3
Region	Tigray	663	10.0	444	64.9	240	35.1	< 0.001
	Afar	615	9.3	186	65.0	100	35.0
	Amhara	712	10.7	297	59.4	203	40.6
	Oromia	964	14.5	377	71.7	149	28.3
	Somali	749	11.3	237	67.9	112	32.1
	Benishangul	551	8.3	299	76.9	90	23.1
	SNNPR	866	13.0	485	77.8	138	22.2
	Gambela	479	7.2	178	55.8	141	44.2
	Harari	381	5.7	130	40.9	188	59.1
	Dire Dawa	340	5.1	104	31.4	227	68.6
	Addis Ababa	325	4.9	135	37.5	225	62.5
Type of place of residence	Urban	1332	20.0	610	43.8	782	56.2	< 0.001
Type of place of residence	Rural	5313	80.0	2262	68.7	1031	31.3	< 0.001
Wealth index combined/ wealth quintiles	Poorest	2240	33.7	738	69.7	321	30.3	< 0.001
	2^nd	1117	16.8	532	70.4	224	29.6
	3^rd	958	14.4	463	66.3	235	33.7
	4^th	863	13.0	449	67.0	221	33.0
	Least poor or richest	1467	22.1	690	45.9	812	54.1
Highest educational level	No education	4071	61.3	1588	68.4	733	31.6	< 0.001
	Primary	1767	26.6	920	59.9	617	40.1
	Secondary	520	7.8	252	48.6	267	51.4
	Higher	287	4.3	112	36.4	196	63.6
Age in 5-year groups	15–19	306	4.6	156	62.9	92	37.1	< 0.001
	20–24	1374	20.7	595	58.2	428	41.8
	25–29	1881	28.3	814	58.7	573	41.3
	30–34	1425	21.4	638	63.4	369	36.6
	35–39	1058	15.9	453	66.3	230	33.7
	40–44	445	6.7	160	63.2	93	36.8
	45–49	156	2.3	56	66.7	28	33.3
	Median age = 27
Sex of household head	Male	5436	81.8	2301	62.6	1372	37.4	< 0.001
Sex of household head	Female	1209	18.2	571	56.4	441	43.6	< 0.001
Respondent occupation	not working	3873	58.3	1538	62.3	930	37.7	< 0.001
	Agricultural	1324	19.9	605	67.1	297	32.9
	Sales	729	11.0	354	55.0	290	45.0
	skilled manual	220	3.3	117	62.9	69	37.1
	Others	499	7.5	258	53.2	227	46.8
Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine	not at all	6105	91.9	2615	63.5	1506	36.5	< 0.001
	less than once a week	410	6.2	193	44.8	238	55.2
	at least once a week	130	2.0	64	48.1	69	51.9
Frequency of listening to radio	not at all	4938	74.3	2029	64.1	1137	35.9	< 0.001
	less than once a week	852	12.8	431	57.0	325	43.0
	at least once a week	855	12.9	412	54.0	351	46.0
Frequency of watching television	not at all	5126	77.1	2182	68.2	1016	31.8	< 0.001
	less than once a week	568	8.5	268	54.4	225	45.6
	at least once a week	951	14.3	422	42.5	572	57.5
Wanted last child	Wanted then	5360	80.7	2264	60.4	1483	39.6	0.001
	Wanted later	888	13.4	429	62.3	260	37.7
	Wanted no more	397	6.0	179	71.9	70	28.1
Husband/partner's education level	no education	3180	47.9	1101	68.9	498	31.1	< 0.001
	Primary	2155	32.4	1025	65.7	536	34.3
	Secondary	744	11.2	324	51.1	310	48.9
	Higher	566	8.5	213	42.9	284	57.1
Person who usually decides on respondent's health care	respondent alone	1177	17.7	470	59.0	327	41.0	0.001
	respondent and husband/partner	4165	62.7	1721	61.1	1096	38.9
	husband/partner alone	1287	19.4	484	68.6	222	31.4
	someone else	16	0.2	5	62.5	3	37.5
Problem of getting permission	Big problem	2056	30.9	763	62.8	452	37.2	0.213
Problem of getting permission	Not a big problem	4589	69.1	2109	60.8	1361	39.2	0.213
Problem in getting money	Big problem	3698	55.7	1537	65.5	810	34.5	< 0.001
Problem in getting money	Not a big problem	2947	44.3	1335	57.1	1003	42.9	< 0.001
Problem in distance to health facility	Big problem	3535	53.2	1365	65.9	707	34.1	< 0.001
Problem in distance to health facility	Not a big problem	3110	46.8	1507	57.7	1106	42.3	< 0.001
Problem in not wanting to go alone	Big problem	2646	39.8	1037	65.6	543	34.4	< 0.001
Problem in not wanting to go alone	Not a big problem	3999	60.2	1835	59.1	1270	40.9	< 0.001
Overall		6645	100	3702	79.9	983	20.1
				Median months for first ANC visits = 4

SNNPR South Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region
^ap-values based on Chi-square test for testing proportions difference

Back to article page

ISSN: 1742-4755

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com