UOR (95% CI) | P-value | AOR (95 CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Administrative regions | ||||
Barishal | 1.20 (0.99–1.46) | 0.062 | 1.88 (1.29–2.75) | 0.001 |
Chottogram | 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | 0.003 | 2.17 (1.63–2.89) | < 0.001 |
Dhaka | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.027 | 1.27 (0.96–1.68) | 0.094 |
Khulna | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 0.842 | 2.11 (1.51–2.95) | < 0.001 |
Mymensingh | 1.22 (1.01–1.47) | 0.037 | 1.55 (1.11–2.17) | 0.010 |
Rajshahi | 1.25 (1.03–1.56) | 0.022 | 1.91 (1.39–2.63) | < 0.001 |
Rangpur | 1.36 (1.23–1.65) | 0.001 | 2.22 (1.60–3.09) | < 0.001 |
Sylhet (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Place of residence | ||||
Urban (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Rural | 1.59 (1.44–1.76) | < 0.001 | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) | 0.101 |
Religion | ||||
Islam | 2.23 (1.25–3.98) | 0.007 | 5.52 (2.25–13.52) | < 0.001 |
Hindu | 1.14 (0.63–2.08) | 0.660 | 2.50 (1.90-6.30) | 0.053 |
Other (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Maternal age | ||||
25–34 (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
15–24 | 1.29 (1.17–1.42) | < 0.001 | 0.19 (0.10–0.30) | < 0.001 |
35–49 | 3.79 (2.94–4.88) | < 0.001 | 6.42 (3.95–10.42) | < 0.001 |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Underweight (≤ 18.50) (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Normal (18.51–25.00) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.156 | 1.05 (0.83–1.35) | 0.652 |
Overweight/Obese (≥ 25.00) | 0.61 (0.52–0.71) | < 0.001 | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 0.730 |
Maternal education level | ||||
No education (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.041 | 7.05 (4.68–10.63) | < 0.001 |
Secondary | 0.80 (0.36–0.58) | < 0.001 | 5.85 (4.52–7.581) | < 0.001 |
Higher | 0.90 (0.44–0.98) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.328 |
Current working status | ||||
Not Working (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Working | 1.48 (1.34–1.63) | < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.908 |
Husbands education level | ||||
No education (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.17–2.15) | 0.003 |
Secondary | 0.46 (0.39–0.54) | < 0.001 | 1.31 (1.04–1.66) | 0.022 |
Higher | 0.16 (0.13–0.19) | < 0.001 | 0.39 (0.12–0.72) | 0.001 |
Husband occupation | ||||
Agriculture (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Business | 0.53 (0.45–0.62) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.78–1.30) | 0.894 |
Service | 0.46 (0.40–0.53) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (0.78–1.30) | 0.965 |
Other | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.230 | 1.02 (0.80–1.22) | 0.791 |
Wealth status | ||||
Poor | 1.69 (1.47–1.95) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (0.85–1.31) | 0.538 |
Middle (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Rich | 0.57 (0.50–0.65) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 0.938 |
Watching TV | ||||
No (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.51(0.46–0.56) | < 0.001 | 0.89(0.78–1.07) | 0.076 |
Types of toilet use | ||||
Unimproved (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Improved | 0.47 (0.42–0.53) | < 0.001 | 0.97 (0.89–1.24) | 0.561 |
Place of delivery | ||||
Home | 0.38 (0.33–0.42) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.72–1.17) | 0.104 |
Facility Birth (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Type of delivery | ||||
Normal | 2.71 (2.41–3.06) | < 0.001 | 1.47 (1.22–1.69) | 0.003 |
Caesarean (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
ANC seeking | ||||
No (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.34 (0.27–0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.77 (0.76–1.16) | 0.114 |
Pregnancy wanted (n = 4814) | ||||
Then (Ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
Later | 1.44 (1.20–1.74) | < 0.001 | 1.26 (0.94–1.65) | 0.292 |
No More | 16.29 (9.52–27.89) | < 0.001 | 10.79 (5.67–18.64) | < 0.001 |
Contraceptive use | ||||
No | 1.24 (1.12–1.38) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.24–1.81) | < 0.001 |
Yes (Ref.) | 1 | 1 |