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Table 3 Risk bias assessment as per Hoy's criteria

From: Women’s experiences throughout the birthing process in health facilities in Arab countries: a systematic review

First author/year

Target population

Sampling frame

Random selection

Non-response bias

Direct or proxy data collection

Case definition

Reliability and validity

Standard mode of data collection

Prevalence period

Numerators and denominators

Summary overall risk

Ahmed, 2020 [43]

Bashour, 2005 [44]

Boukhalfa, 2016 [45]

Fort, 2012 [46]

Kabakian-Khasholian, 2017 [47]

Kempe, 2010 [48]

Kempe, 2011 [49]

Mohamma, 2014 [50]

Monazea, 2015 [53]

Oweis, 2009 [51]

Sayed, 2018 (52)

  1. Red  = High risk,
  2. Green  = Low risk,
  3. Orange  = Moderate risk
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Reproductive Health

ISSN: 1742-4755