|
Smoking amounts
|
No. (%)
|
HR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Model Ib
|
Model IIc
|
|---|
|
Paternal smoking
| |
|
No
|
3,760,013 (7.46)
|
1 [Reference]
|
1 [Reference]
|
|
Yes
|
1,538,030 (8.12)
|
1.09 (1.08–1.10)
|
1.07 (1.06–1.07)
|
|
1–4
|
208,098 (8.26)
|
1.11 (1.09–1.12)
|
1.05 (1.03–1.06)
|
|
5–9
|
360,518 (7.99)
|
1.07 (1.06–1.09)
|
1.04 (1.03–1.05)
|
|
10–14
|
537,788 (8.00)
|
1.07 (1.06–1.09)
|
1.05 (1.04–1.07)
|
|
15–19
|
101,598 (7.97)
|
1.07 (1.05–1.09)
|
1.07 (1.05–1.10)
|
|
≥ 20
|
317,154 (8.45)
|
1.14 (1.12–1.15)
|
1.13 (1.12–1.14)
|
|
P linear
|
–
|
0.140
|
0.007
|
|
Preconception paternal smokinga
|
|
No
|
3,760,013 (7.46)
|
1 [Reference]
|
1 [Reference]
|
|
Yes
|
190,529 (8.12)
|
1.08 (1.06–1.10)
|
1.07 (1.06–1.09)
|
|
1–4
|
25,601 (8.16)
|
1.09 (1.04–1.13)
|
1.04 (0.99–1.08)
|
|
5–9
|
43,887 (8.02)
|
1.07 (1.04–1.11)
|
1.05 (1.01–1.08)
|
|
10–14
|
66,285 (7.91)
|
1.05 (1.02–1.08)
|
1.06 (1.03–1.09)
|
|
15–19
|
12,020 (8.34)
|
1.12 (1.05–1.19)
|
1.14 (1.07–1.21)
|
|
≥ 20
|
40,882 (8.37)
|
1.12 (1.08–1.16)
|
1.15 (1.11–1.19)
|
|
P linear
|
–
|
0.054
|
0.003
|
- CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
- aParticipants whose husband still smoked during early-pregnancy or did not provide such information were excluded
- bORs were adjusted by maternal age at last menstrual period
- cORs were adjusted by maternal and paternal age at last menstrual period, maternal higher education, Han ethnic, preconception body mass index and alcohol drinking
