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Table 3 Challenges in providing contraceptive services by clinic status

From: Assessing differences in contraceptive provision through telemedicine among reproductive health providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Independent variables

Outcomes: Clinic faced challenges in:

Seeing new patients

Offering contraceptive counseling

Offering the full range of methods

Offering care to marginalized patients

aRR

95% CI

aRR

95% CI

aRR

95% CI

aRR

95% CI

Clinic status

        

 Open onsite (Reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Closed onsite

1.15***

[1.07–1.24]

1.20**

[1.06–1.36]

1.36***

[1.20–1.54]

1.26*

[1.04–1.52]

Practice Setting

        

 Primary care/Health Department (Reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Family planning

0.91

[0.80–1.04]

1.06

[0.88–1.27]

1.06

[0.91–1.23]

0.87

[0.70–1.07]

 Youth/School/College

1.01

[0.91–1.13]

1.16

[0.97–1.39]

1.01

[0.85–1.20]

0.94

[0.78–1.13]

 Abortion

1.15**

[1.05–1.26]

1.33*

[1.01–1.75]

1.02

[0.75–1.38]

1.17

[0.83–1.67]

 Hospital/other

1.00

[0.86–1.15]

1.09

[0.85–1.40]

1.18

[0.97–1.43]

0.99

[0.73–1.34]

Region

        

 Northeast (Reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Midwest

0.99

[0.91–1.09]

0.85

[0.69–1.05]

0.87

[0.70–1.09]

1.04

[0.79–1.37]

 Southeast

0.92

[0.83–1.02]

0.82*

[0.69–0.97]

0.93

[0.79–1.10]

0.83

[0.64–1.07]

 West

0.90*

[0.83–0.99]

0.88

[0.74–1.04]

0.78**

[0.66–0.93]

1.08

[0.86–1.37]

 Southwest

0.91

[0.83–1.00]

0.97

[0.82–1.14]

0.76*

[0.61–0.94]

1.01

[0.78–1.32]

Time of survey

        

 April–August 2020 (Reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Sept 2020–Jan 2021

1.01

[0.93–1.09]

1.05

[0.91–1.21]

0.97

[0.85–1.12]

1.04

[0.86–1.27]

Clinic funding

        

 Not title X or does not know (Reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Title X

0.95

[0.87–1.04]

1.05

[0.92–1.19]

0.97

[0.84–1.11]

1.02

[0.87–1.21]

Patient volume

        

 Smaller clinic (Reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Larger clinic

0.98

[0.92–1.05]

0.80***

[0.71–0.91]

0.89*

[0.80–1.00]

0.95

[0.81–1.11]

 Observations

653

 

651

 

634

 

650

 
  1. Standard errors are clustered by clinic. Coefficients for dummy variables representing missing data are not displayed
  2. aRR adjusted relative risk ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001