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Table 5 Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and neighbourhood factors associated with unprotected sex (condom use) among young male and female

From: A multilevel mixed effect analysis of neighbourhood and individual level determinants of risky sexual behaviour among young people in South Africa

Variables

Female

Male

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3 (full model)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3 (full model)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Age

 15–17RC

1

 

1

1

 

1

 18–19

1.23 (0.86–1.77)

1.17 (0.81–1.69)

0.65 (0.35–1.22)

0.58 (0.31–1.09)

 20–24

1.05 (0.76–1.44)

0.94 (0.68–1.29)

0.53 (0.29–0.93)**

0.46 (0.26–0.82)

Education

 Primary or less edu RC

1

 

1

1

 

1

 Secondary

1.80 (1.06–3.06)*

1.55 (0.89–2.67)

3.93 (2.19–7.05)***

3.06 (1.62–5.77)***

 Higher

2.32 (1.19–4.54)**

1.70 (0.85–3.42)

2.80 (1.16–6.78)**

2.12 (0.01–5.55)

Employment status

 No

1

 

1

1

 

1

 Yes

0.84 (0.59–1.18)

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

1.64 (1.02–2.63)**

1.54 (0.96–2.47)

Household number

 1–4

1

 

1

1

 

1

 4–5

0.83 (0.63–1.10)

0.86 (0.65–1.15)

1.69 (1.05–2.74)**

1.67 (1.04–2.68)*

 7 + 

0.68 (0.52–0.89)**

0.79 (0.59–1.03)

1.69 (1.09–2.63))**

1.69 (1.09–2.63)**

1.60 (1.03–2.48)**

Family Structure

 Male

 

1

1

 

1

1

 Female

 

1.19 (0.93–1.50)*

1.15 (0.89–1.46)

1.19 (0.82–1.71)

1.09 (0.75–1.58)

Place of residence

 Urban

 

1

1

 

1

1

 Rural

 

0.77 (0.58–1.03)

0.77 (0.58–1.03)

0.90 (0.57–1.45)

``0.96 (0.59–1.54)

Province of residence

 Western Cape

1

1

 

1

1

 Eastern Cape

1.16 (0.63–2.11)

1.24 (0.68–2.26)

0.69 (0.25–1.91)

0.55 (0.24–1.36)

 Northern cape

1.65 (0.87–3.13)

1.74 (0.92–3.32)

1.28 (0.41–4.02)

1.26 (0.56–3.04)

 Free State

 

1.61 (0.84–3.10)

1.69 (0.88–3.27)

1.13 (0.39–3.32)

1.12 (0.38–2.04)

 Kwazulu-natal

0.95 (0.52–1.73)

1.03 (0.56–1.87)

1.15 (0.40–3.22)

1.02 (0.38–2.07)

 Northern west

1.46 (0.75–2.80)

1.56 (0.80–3.02)

2.73 (0.82–9.07)

2.67 (0.77–8.05)

 Guanteng

 

1.99 (1.03–3.86)**

2.06 (1.06–3.98)*

1.16 (0.38–3.53)

1.14 (0.29–2.88)

 Mpumalanga

1.54 (0.83–2.87)

1.63 (0.87–3.04)

1.53 (0.52–4.55)

1.48 (0.55–3.01)

 Limpopo

 

1.56 (0.82–2.97)

1.62 (0.85–3.09)

1.44 (0.49–4.28)

1.41 (0.46–3.04)

Ethnic diversity

 Homogenous

1

1

 

1

1

 Heterogenous

0.58 (0.36–0.96)*

0.59 (0.36–0.97)*

0.71 (0.32–1.57)

0.69 (0.47–1.03)

Community poverty

 Low

 

1

1

 

1

1

 High

 

0.76 (0.58–1.00)*

0.79 (0.59–1.04)

0.78 (0.50–1.19)

0.88 (0.41–1.02)

Community media exposure to CP

 Low

 

1

1

 

1

1

 High

 

1.38 (1.09–1.76)

1.37 (1.06–1.75)*

1.50 (1.04–2.19)**

1.31 (1.05–0.91)

Community education

 Low

 

1

1

 

1

1

 High

 

1.17 (0.78–1.74)

1.05 (0.69–1.59)

1.55 (0.96–2.49)

1.33 (0.86–0.23)

Residential mobility

 No

 

1

1

 

1

1

 Yes

 

1.29 (0.99–1.70)

1.22 (0.92–1.62)

0.995 (0.62–1.46)

0.10 (0.54–0.52)

Random effects

 Community variance (SE)

0.42 (0.13)***

0.23 (0.20)***

0.19 (0.25)***

0.56 (0.28)***

0.31 (0.42)**

0.47 (0.38)*

 VPC = ICC (%)

0.051111

0.016046

0.011144

0.088115

0.028488

0.43883

 Explained variation PCV (%)

24.58531

76.32492

83.55648

36.18729

79.36892

86.67462

Model fit statistics

 Log Likelihood

− 974.343

− 954.328

− 949.757

− 405.574

− 404.592

0.032714

 AIC

1966.686

1942.656

1947.514

829.147

843.1848

844.245

  1. Ref., reference category. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01