Applying a gender lens to social norms, couple communication and decision making to increase modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia, a mixed methods study

Table 4 Logistic regression model: Determinants of current use of modern contraceptives among married women 15–49 years in Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, and Tigray (N = 1830)

Indicators	AOR	CI (95%)
Knowledge of modern family planning methods
Knows at most 2 methods	1
Knows 3 or more methods	2.1***	1.68–2.80
Self-efficacy to use modern family planning methods
Low/Moderate	1
High	2.0***	1.63–2.57
Number of children under 5 years
0 children	1
Has 1 child	1.7***	1.33–2.18
Has 2 or more children	1.0	0.76–1.37
Age of women
15–24	1
25–34	1.1	0.76–1.35
35–49	0.6**	0.43–0.82
Education
No formal education	1
At least primary level education	1.4**	1.15–1.88
Religion
Muslim	1
Christian	1.4**	1.13–1.89
Radio listening habit
Never had a listening habit	1
Heard at least once a week	1.4**	1.13–1.85
Gender equity norm score (DCDL)⁺
Low	1
Moderate	1.3*	1.06–1.77
High	1.4*	1.06–2.06
Region
Oromia	1
Amhara	2.9***	2.16–4.04
SNNPR	2.2***	1.59–3.13
Tigray	1.1	0.78–1.58

Self-efficacy was assessed through this statement given by those surveyed: “I feel confident that I can use family planning to avoid unwanted pregnancies.”
⁺DCDL = domestic chores and daily life; GEM subscale was measured using agreement or disagreement with five items: (1) changing diapers, giving a bath, and feeding kids is the mother's responsibility; (2) a woman’s role is taking care of her home and family; (3) the husband should decide to buy the major household items; (4) a man should have the final word about decisions in his home; (5) a woman should obey her husband in all matters
Adjusted for vulnerability index
^*p = < 0.05, **p = < 0.01, ***p = < 0.001; Cox and Snell pseudo r2 = 0.158; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.445

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