Table 1 Study population baseline characteristics overall and by status of GWG according to the 2009 IOM guidelines
Baseline characteristics | Entire dataset (n = 1230) | 2009 IOM GWG guidelinesa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Inadequate GWG (n = 517, 42.0%) | Adequate GWG (n = 270, 22%) | Excessive GWG (n = 443, 36%) | ||
Mean (SD) | ||||
Age at baseline (years) | 24.1 (4.2) | 23.9 (4.4) | 24.1 (3.8) | 24.2 (4.2) |
Weight at baseline | 59.9 (11.7) | 59.1 (12.0) | 58.3 (10.5) | 61.8 (11.8) |
Height at baseline (cm) | 156.2 (6.1) | 156.0 (6.3) | 155.8 (5.8) | 156.7 (5.9) |
Gestational age at baseline (weeks) | 17.9 (4.3) | 18.1 (4.5) | 17.5 (4.2) | 18.0 (4.1) |
Total number of antenatal visitsb | 5 (2–9) | 5 (2–8) | 5 (2–8) | 5 (2–9) |
n (%) | ||||
Treatment (iron supplement) | 601 (48.9) | 247 (47.8) | 137 (50.7) | 221 (49.9) |
Primigravida | 706 (57.4) | 285 (55.1) | 150 (55.6) | 271 (61.2) |
Marital status (married) | 979 (79.6) | 420 (81.2) | 219 (81.1) | 345 (77.9) |
BMI at baseline (kg/m2) | 24.5 (4.6) | 24.3 (4.7) | 24.1 (4.2) | 25.1 (4.5) |
BMI at 14 weeks of gestation (kg/m2) | 24.0 (4.3)d | 23.5 (4.4) | 23.5 (4.0) | 24.9 (4.4) |
Education status | ||||
0–4 years | 61 (5.0) | 25 (4.8) | 14 (5.2) | 22 (5.0) |
5–7 years | 645 (52.4) | 286 (55.3) | 147 (54.4) | 212 (47.9) |
8–11 years | 343 (27.9) | 136 (26.3) | 75 (27.8) | 132 (29.8) |
≥ 12 years | 181 (14.7) | 70 (13.5) | 34 (12.6) | 77 (17.4) |
Occupation status | ||||
Unemployed | 619 (50.3) | 274 (53.0) | 134 (49.6) | 211 (47.6) |
Unskilled or informal | 381 (31.0) | 154 (29.8) | 89 (33.0) | 138 (31.2) |
Skilled | 230 (18.7) | 89 (17.2) | 47 (17.4) | 94 (21.2) |
History of prior complicationsc | 1–91 (15.5) | 49 (18.2) | 78 (15.1) | 64 (14.5) |