From: Dual contraceptives and associated predictors in HIV positive women: a case–control study
Variables | Categories | Cases N = 78 (%) | Controls N = 234 (%) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Can use to avoid or delay pregnancy? | Yes | 78 (100) | 212 (90.6) | 0.005 |
No | 0 (0) | 22 (9.4) | ||
Condom plus another contraceptive | Yes | 0 (0) | 47 (20.1) | 0.0001 |
No | 78 (100) | 187 (79.9) | ||
Do you use condom plus another contraceptives? (N = 47) | Pills | 0 (0) | 18 (38.3) | 1 |
Injectable | 0 (0) | 22 (46.8) | ||
IUD | 0 (0) | 7 (14.9) | ||
Which type of dual contraceptive currently use? (N = 242) | Pills + Condom | 0 (00) | 18 (7.7) | 0.0001 |
Injectable + Condom | 0 (00) | 22 (9.4) | ||
IUCD + condom | 0 (00) | 7 (3) | ||
condoms only (male and female condoms) | 78 (100) | 0 (00) | ||
Pills | 0 (00) | 33 ( 14.1) | ||
Injectable | 0 (00) | 64 (27.4) | ||
Implanon | 0 (00) | 10 ( 4.3) | ||
IUCD | 0 (00) | 10 ( 3.8) | ||
Have you ever received any follow up counseling in the last 3 months? | Yes | 68 (87.2) | 180 (76.9) | 0.052 |
No | 10 (12.8) | 54 (23.1) | ||
Which type of counselling did you receive? (N = 248) | About condom use | 23 (33.8) | 39 (21.7) | 0.121 |
About use of dual contraceptives | 34 (25.4) | 100 (55.6) | ||
About nutrition | 11 (16.2) | 41 (22.8) | ||
Have you ever discussed with your partner about using any contraceptive method to delay or avoid pregnancy use? | Yes | 56 (71.4) | 117 (50) | 0.001 |
No | 22 (28.2) | 117 (50) | ||
Who would be decision maker? (N = 170) | My decision | 7 (12.5) | 10 (8.8) | 0.236 |
My partners’ decision | 12 (21.4) | 17 (14.9) | ||
Joint decision | 36 (64.3) | 87 (76.3) | ||
Others | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) | ||
Did your husband or partner get HIV tested? | Yes | 76 (97.4) | 228 (97.4) | 1 |
No | 2 (2.6) | 6 (2.6) | ||
If yes, What was his result? (N = 304) | Positive | 73 (96.1) | 22 3(97.8) | 0.408 |
Negative | 3 (3.9) | 5 (2.2) | ||
How much is your recent CD4 count? | < 250 cells/dl | 0 (00) | 1 (0.4) | 0.001 |
250-350cells/dl | 0 (00) | 34 (14.5) | ||
350-500cells/dl | 17 (21) | 64 (27.4) | ||
> 500cells/dl | 61 (78.4) | 135 (57.7) | ||
Have you started ART? | Yes | 78 (100) | 234 (100) | 1 |
12–24 months | 22 (28.2) | 22 (9.4) | 0.0001 | |
> 24 months | 56 (71.8) | 212 (90.6) | ||
How is your health status after ART started? | Improved | 74 (94.9) | 221 (94.4) | 0.708 |
Same | 4 (5.1) | 11 (4.7) | ||
Worsened | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | ||
Time taken for counselling | ≤ 30 min | 32 (41) | 97 (41.5) | |
> 30 min | 46 (59) | 137 (58.5) | ||
Have you ever faced the absence of services after reaching the health facility? | Yes | 28 (35.9) | 67 (28.6) | 0.227 |
No | 50 (64.1) | 167 (71.4) | ||
Who supported you? (N = 117) | Husband | 31 (67.4) | 44 (58.7) | 0.541 |
Friends | 2 (4.3) | 7 (9.9) | ||
Relatives | 0 (00) | 0 (00) | ||
Health Professional | 13 (28.3) | 20 (28.2) | ||
Is there any cultural practice in your community that prevents you from using contraceptives? | Yes | 27 (34.6) | 57 (24.4) | 0.077 |
No | 51 (65.4) | 177 (75.6) | ||
Do your spouse believe in any cultural or religious reason to not to use dual contraceptives? | Yes | 30 (38.5) | 81 (34.6) | 0.539 |
No | 48 (61.5) | 153 (65.4) | ||
Do you have any social stigma? | Yes | 19 (24.4) | 50 (21.4) | 0.581 |
No | 59 (75.6) | 184 (78.6) | ||
Did you use substance? | Alcohols | 8 (10.3) | 15 (6.4) | 0.155 |
Chat | 9 (11.5) | 15 (6.4) | ||
Never | 61 (78.2) | 226 (87.2) | ||
What kind of dual contraceptive utilization have you heard before? | Male condom | 57 (73.1) | 199 (77.7) | 0.003 |
Female condom | 1 (1.3) | 7 (3) | ||
Male condom + Female condom | 20 (25.6) | 24 (10.4) | ||
Where did you get the knowledge or information about contraception? | TV/Radio Newspaper/Internet (Media) | 6 (7.7) | 12 (5.2) | 0.789 |
Health Education/ School Health | 20 (25.6) | 64 (27.8) | ||
Doctors/ Nurses (Medical Professionals) | 52 (66.7) | 153 (66.5) | ||
Friends/Family Member/Neighbors | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | ||
Attitude | Negative Attitude | 17 (21.8) | 71 (30.3) | 0.146 |
Positive Attitude | 61 (78.2) | 163 (69.7) |