Table 4 Odds ratios from multilevel multinomial logistic regression examining the association between switching patterns of contraceptive methods and women’s pregnancy intention at conception
Changes in the contraceptive methods before to after pregnancy (Reference: switched to higher effective methods) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No change in methods | Switched to less effective methods | |||
Odd ratio (95% CI) | p | Odd ratio (95% CI) | p | |
Most recent pregnancy intention at conception: wanted conception (ref) | ||||
Mistimed conception | 1.84 (1.41–2.39) | < 0.01 | 1.58 (1.10–2.26) | < 0.01 |
Unwanted conception | 1.36 (0.91–2.04) | 0.13 | 1.45 (0.88–2.38) | 0.14 |
Desire for pregnancy in the future: wants within 2 years (ref) | ||||
Wants after 2 years | 0.98 (0.68–1.40) | 0.90 | 1.18 (0.64–2.17) | 0.60 |
Wants no more | 1.10 (0.74–1.64) | 0.64 | 1.40 (0.76–2.60) | 0.28 |
Women’s age at birth of their last child: ≤ 19 years (ref) | ||||
20–34 years | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | < 0.05 | 1.51 (1.08–2.11) | < 0.05 |
≥ 35 years | 1.37 (0.80–2.34) | 0.24 | 1.21 (0.59–2.48) | 0.60 |
Parity: 1 child (ref) | ||||
2 children | 3.41 (2.66–4.37) | < 0.01 | 4.91 (3.40–7.10) | < 0.01 |
3 children | 3.03 (2.21–4.16) | < 0.01 | 5.44 (3.52–8.40) | < 0.01 |
Women’s education: no formal education (ref) | ||||
Primary | 1.15 (0.76–1.74) | 0.50 | 1.25 (0.74–2.12) | 0.40 |
Secondary | 1.25 (0.81–1.94) | 0.31 | 1.43 (0.83–2.49) | 0.20 |
Higher | 1.34 (0.81–2.20) | 0.26 | 1.66 (0.85–3.25) | 0.14 |
Husbands’ education: no formal education (ref) | ||||
Primary | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | 0.88 | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) | 0.79 |
Secondary | 0.96 (0.71–1.28) | 0.78 | 1.11 (0.75–1.63) | 0.09 |
Higher | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) | 0.78 | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | < 0.01 |
Husbands’ occupation: agricultural worker (ref) | ||||
Labourer | 1.17 (0.93–1.45) | 0.18 | 1.29 (0.94–1.78) | 0.11 |
Services | 1.21 (0.79–1.86) | 0.37 | 0.85 (0.44–1.66) | 0.64 |
Business | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 0.79 | 1.08 (0.74–1.57) | 0.70 |
Other | 0.73 (0.25–2.08) | 0.55 | 0.74 (0.16–3.53) | 0.71 |
Wealth status: poorest (ref) | ||||
Poorer | 1.15 (0.89–1.49) | 0.29 | 1.24 (0.88–1.75) | 0.23 |
Middle | 1.20 (0.91–1.58) | 0.20 | 1.14 (0.78–1.66) | 0.51 |
Richer | 1.18 (0.88–1.57) | 0.26 | 1.19 (0.80–1.79) | 0.39 |
Richest | 1.41 (1.00–1.99) | < 0.05 | 0.99 (0.61–1.61) | 0.96 |
Place of residence: urban (ref) | ||||
Rural | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 0.32 | 1.31 (0.97–1.77) | 0.08 |
Division of residence: Barishal (ref) | ||||
Chottogram | 0.58 (0.41–0.81) | < 0.01 | 0.62 (0.39–0.96) | < 0.05 |
Dhaka | 1.05 (0.71–1.56) | 0.80 | 0.84 (0.51–1.38) | 0.50 |
Khulna | 0.79 (0.54–1.16) | 0.23 | 1.17 (0.69–2.00) | 0.56 |
Mymensingh | 0.60 (0.43–0.85) | < 0.01 | 0.66 (0.41–1.05) | 0.08 |
Rajshahi | 0.63 (0.43–0.91) | < 0.05 | 0.56 (0.34–0.95) | < 0.05 |
Rangpur | 0.54 (0.37–0.78) | < 0.01 | 0.60 (0.36–0.99) | < 0.05 |
Sylhet | 0.53 (0.37–0.78) | < 0.01 | 0.44 (0.27–0.71) | < 0.01 |
Random effectsa | ||||
Cluster-level variance (SE)b | 0.03 (0.04)*** | |||
Log-likelihood for fixed effects to random effects model | 609.44*** | |||
Log-likelihood ratio test for the null model to random effects model (Chi-square)c | 1624.59*** | |||