Global prevalence of congenital anencephaly: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Salari, Nader; Fatahi, Behnaz; Fatahian, Reza; Mohammadi, Payam; Rahmani, Adibeh; Darvishi, Niloofar; Keivan, Mona; Shohaimi, Shamarina; Mohammadi, Masoud

doi:10.1186/s12978-022-01509-4

Reproductive Health

Table 1 Summary of study specifications (prevalence of anencephaly)

From: Global prevalence of congenital anencephaly: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

First author, year, References	Report year	Continent	Country	Sample size	Number of patients with Anencephaly
Gong-1, 2017, [1]	2006	Asia	China	306,734	227
Gong-2, 2017, [1]	2007	Asia	China	341,432	244
Gong-3, 2017, [1]	2008	Asia	China	330,414	186
Gong-4, 2017, [1]	2009	Asia	China	321,353	166
Gong-5, 2017, [1]	2010	Asia	China	307,826	168
Gong-6, 2017, [1]	2011	Asia	China	304,079	158
Gong-7, 2017, [1]	2012	Asia	China	353,108	145
Gong-8, 2017, [1]	2013	Asia	China	321,171	141
Gong-9, 2017, [1]	2014	Asia	China	364,400	108
Gong-10, 2017, [1]	2015	Asia	China	298,437	55
PEI, 2009, [2]	2004–2006	Asia	China	4175	28
Afshar, 2006, [3]	1997–2001	Asia	Iran	16,785	23
Golalipour-1, 2007, [4]	1998–2003	Asia	Iran	37,951	43
Li, 2006, [5]	2003	Asia	China	11,534	76
LIAN, 1987, [6]	1970–1984	Asia	China	208,801	461
Golalipour-2, 2010, [7]	1998–2005	Asia	Iran	30,639	35
Xie, 2020, [8]	2015–2018	Asia	China	705,395	188
Khattak, 2010, [9]	2007	Asia	SWAT	5560	63
Golalipour-3, 2010, [10]	1998–2005	Asia	Iran	49,534	56
Zhang-1, 2012, [11]	2005–2008	Asia	China	62,443	43
Jung-1, 1999, [12]	1993	Asia	Korea	601,376	156
Jung-2, 1999, [12]	1994	Asia	Korea	601,459	255
Jaruratanasirikul, 2014, [13]	2009–2012	Asia	Thailand	148,759	12
Zhu-1, 2012, [14]	2006	Asia	China	643,987	407
Zhu-2, 2012, [14]	2007	Asia	China	777,397	454
Zhu-3, 2012, [14]	2008	Asia	China	843,920	465
Jin-1, 2017, [15]	2006	Asia	China	22,559	16
Jin-2, 2017, [15]	2007	Asia	China	26,874	13
Jin-3, 2017, [15]	2008	Asia	China	28,291	19
Jin-4, 2017, [15]	2009	Asia	China	27,916	20
Jin-5, 2017, [15]	2010	Asia	China	26,973	12
Jin-6, 2017, [15]	2011	Asia	China	28,424	9
Jin-7, 2017, [15]	2012	Asia	China	32,489	13
Kant, 2017, [16]	2001–2014	Asia	India	26,946	33
Liu, 2007, [17]	1996–2004	Asia	China	99,888	42
Ebrahimi, 2013, [18]	2005–2011	Asia	Iran	14,034	59
Ghavami, 2011, [19]	2005–2008	Asia	Iran	22,500	18
Kondo-1, 2019, [20]	2014	Asia	Japan	156,791	13
Kondo-2, 2019, [20]	2015	Asia	Japan	158,347	13
Tiwari, 2020, [21]	2014	Asia	India	14,681	19
IMAIZUMI-1, 1991, [22]	1948–1958	Asia	Japan	27,891	27
IMAIZUMI-2, 1991, [22]	1959–1969	Asia	Japan	40,715	22
IMAIZUMI-3, 1991, [22]	1970–1980	Asia	Japan	39,506	28
IMAIZUMI-4, 1991, [22]	1981–1990	Asia	Japan	23,884	17
Zhang-2, 2017, [23]	2006–2015	Asia	China	3,248,954	1600
Seto-1, 2003, [24]	1981–1990	Asia	Japan	136,846	39
Seto-2, 2003, [24]	1991–2000	Asia	Japan	117,332	7
Fakheri, 2004, [25]	1996–2001	Asia	Iran	81,538	106
PourIsa, 2005, [26]	1997–2003	Asia	Iran	21,074	29
Golalipour-4, 2004, [27]	1997–2001	Asia	Iran	26,280	39
Stoll-1, 2006, [28]	1988–1992	Europe	France	68,326	9
Stoll-2, 2006, [28]	1993–1995	Europe	France	39,286	4
Stoll-3, 2006, [28]	1996–2002	Europe	France	95,058	10
RICHARDS, 1972, [31]	1964–1966	Europe	Wales	92,980	2145
Stoll-4, 2011, [32]	1979–2008	Europe	France	402,532	182
Szabó-1, 2013, [33]	1980–1991	Europe	Hungary	209,762	64
Szabó-2, 2013, [33]	1994–2005	Europe	Hungary	155,978	29
Pietrzyk-1, 1983, [34]	1970–1972	Europe	Poland	33,766	9
Pietrzyk-2, 1983, [34]	1979- 1981	Europe	Poland	46,818	11
McDonnell-1, 1999, [35]	1980–1994	Europe	East Ireland	320,750	322
Boyd-1, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Denmark	8788	2
Boyd-2, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Netherlands	81,980	18
Boyd-3, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Austria	29,026	3
Boyd-4, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Croatia	10,718	2
Boyd-5, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	France	60,705	15
Boyd-6, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Germany	18,280	7
Boyd-7, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Italy	204,178	34
Boyd-8, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Lithuania	95,469	29
Boyd-9, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Spain	38,166	14
Boyd-10, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	Ukraine	44,761	11
Boyd-11, 2000, [36]	2000	Europe	UK	78,695	31
Salvador, 2011, [37]	1992–2006	Europe	Spain	197,003	87
DOLK-1, 1991, [38]	19,980–1987	Europe	UK& Ireland	577,989	739
DOLK-2, 1991, [38]	19,980–1986	Europe	Europe & Malta	378,849	184
Khoshnood-1, 2015, [39]	1991–2009	Europe	Austria	216,196	40
Khoshnood-2, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Belgium	601,565	182
Khoshnood-3, 2015, [39]	2000–2009	Europe	Czech Republic	1,029,247	245
Khoshnood-4, 2015, [39]	1991–2010	Europe	Croatia	131 525	18
Khoshnood-5, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Denmark	115 846	44
Khoshnood-6, 2015, [39]	1993–2010	Europe	Finland	1,070,940	314
Khoshnood-7, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	France	666,353	347
Khoshnood-8, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Germany	360,801	95
Khoshnood-9, 2015, [39]	1998–2010	Europe	Hungary	1,260,719	256
Khoshnood-10, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Ireland	702,747	244
Khoshnood-11, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Italy	1,215,306	217
Khoshnood-12, 2015, [39]	1991–2010	Europe	Malta	88,573	25
Khoshnood-13, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Netherlands	401,404	108
Khoshnood-14, 2015, [39]	1999–2011	Europe	Norway	775,060	282
Khoshnood-15, 2015, [39]	1999–2010	Europe	Poland	440,163	71
Khoshnood-16, 2015, [39]	1991–2010	Europe	Portugal	316,853	62
Khoshnood-17, 2015, [39]	1991–2010	Europe	Spain	361,416	189
Khoshnood-18, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	Switzerland	159,273	62
Khoshnood-19, 2015, [39]	1991–2011	Europe	UK	2,556,075	1361
Loane, 2009, [40]	2000–2004	Europe	UK	1,740,718	40
Peake, 2021, [41]	2006–2011	Europe	UK	1,351,405	673
Boyd-12, 2011, [42]	2005–2006	Europe	UK	601,545	366
Poretti, 2008, [43]	2001–2007	Europe	Switzerland	10,769,230	22
Obeid-1, 2015, [44]	2000–2010	Europe	Europe	9,161,189	3221
Obeid-2, 2015, [44]	2000–2010	Europe	Germany	227,781	56
GARNE, 2005, [45]	1995–1999	Europe	17 European regions	1,198,519	498
CADAS, 1978, [46]	1955–1965	Europe	Greece	74,390	49
Loncarek-1, 2001, [47]	1963	Europe	Croatia	2946	1
Loncarek-2, 2001, [47]	1966	Europe	Croatia	2988	1
Loncarek-3, 2001, [47]	1967	Europe	Croatia	2974	2
Loncarek-4, 2001, [47]	1971	Europe	Croatia	3582	1
Loncarek-5, 2001, [47]	1972	Europe	Croatia	3522	1
Loncarek-6, 2001, [47]	1973	Europe	Croatia	3580	1
Loncarek-7, 2001, [47]	1974	Europe	Croatia	3612	1
Loncarek-8, 2001, [47]	1975	Europe	Croatia	3692	1
Loncarek-9, 2001, [47]	1979	Europe	Croatia	4174	1
Loncarek-10, 2001, [47]	1980	Europe	Croatia	4242	1
Loncarek-11, 2001, [47]	1983	Europe	Croatia	4042	3
Loncarek-12, 2001, [47]	1988	Europe	Croatia	3655	1
Loncarek-13, 2001, [47]	1989	Europe	Croatia	3504	2
Loncarek-14, 2001, [47]	1992	Europe	Croatia	3647	1
Loncarek-15, 2001, [47]	1993	Europe	Croatia	3468	1
Loncarek-16, 2001, [47]	1994	Europe	Croatia	3326	1
Loncarek-17,2001, [47]	1996	Europe	Croatia	3412	1
Loncarek-18, 2001, [47]	1998	Europe	Croatia	3017	1
EUROCAT GROUP-1, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	Republic of Ireland	183,278	242
EUROCAT GROUP-2, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	UK	467,437	597
EUROCAT GROUP-3, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	Belgium	57,352	31
EUROCAT GROUP-4, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	Netherlands	50,437	33
EUROCAT GROUP-5, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	Denmark	32,648	17
EUROCAT GROUP-6, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	France	349,737	143
EUROCAT GROUP-7, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	Italy	63,261	28
EUROCAT GROUP-8, 1991, [48]	1980–1986	Europe	Malta	22,225	13
EUROCAT GROUP-9, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Republic of Ireland	109,276	168
EUROCAT GROUP-10, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	UK	244,955	309
EUROCAT GROUP-11, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Denmark	18,533	8
EUROCAT GROUP-12, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Netherlands	23,150	13
EUROCAT GROUP-13, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Belgium	60,034	25
EUROCAT GROUP-14, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	France	143,878	69
EUROCAT GROUP-15, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Luxembourg	9148	3
EUROCAT GROUP-16, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Germany	21,985	9
EUROCAT GROUP-17, 1987, [49]	1980–1983	Europe	Italy	135,662	28
Smithells, 1989, [50]	1985–1986	Europe	UK	97,101	67
Corona-Rivera-1, 2021, [51]	1991–2002	Europe	Mexico	95,454	21
Corona-Rivera-2, 2021, [51]	2003–2019	Europe	Mexico	171,795	67
Stone-1, 1988, [52]	1974	Europe	Scotland	14,880	33
Stone-2, 1988, [52]	1975	Europe	Scotland	14,398	39
Stone-3, 1988, [52]	1976	Europe	Scotland	12,889	34
Stone-4, 1988, [52]	1977	Europe	Scotland	12,487	28
Stone-5, 1988, [52]	1978	Europe	Scotland	12,491	30
Stone-6, 1988, [52]	1979	Europe	Scotland	13,339	29
Stone-7, 1988, [52]	1980	Europe	Scotland	13,438	24
Stone-8, 1988, [52]	1981	Europe	Scotland	13,491	19
Stone-9, 1988, [52]	1982	Europe	Scotland	12,884	19
Stone-10, 1988, [52]	1983	Europe	Scotland	12,661	19
Stone-11, 1988, [52]	1984	Europe	Scotland	12,783	14
Stone-12, 1988, [52]	1985	Europe	Scotland	13,089	15
CARSTAIRS-1, 1984, [53]	1971	Europe	Scotland	87,883	224
CARSTAIRS-2, 1984, [53]	1972	Europe	Scotland	79,603	185
CARSTAIRS-3, 1984, [53]	1973	Europe	Scotland	75,265	181
CARSTAIRS-4, 1984, [53]	1974	Europe	Scotland	70,943	156
CARSTAIRS-5, 1984, [53]	1975	Europe	Scotland	68,708	140
CARSTAIRS-6, 1984, [53]	1976	Europe	Scotland	65,524	89
CARSTAIRS-7, 1984, [53]	1977	Europe	Scotland	62,895	66
CARSTAIRS-8, 1984, [53]	1978	Europe	Scotland	64,819	57
CARSTAIRS-9, 1984, [53]	1979	Europe	Scotland	68,841	47
CARSTAIRS-10, 1984, [53]	1980	Europe	Scotland	69,355	32
CARSTAIRS-11, 1984, [53]	1981	Europe	Scotland	69,490	19
CARSTAIRS-12, 1984, [53]	1982	Europe	Scotland	66,582	13
Rankin-1, 2000, [54]	1984	Europe	UK	39,357	27
Rankin-2, 2000, [54]	1985	Europe	UK	41,175	33
Rankin-3, 2000, [54]	1986	Europe	UK	40,541	27
Rankin-4, 2000, [54]	1987	Europe	UK	40,700	35
Rankin-5, 2000, [54]	1988	Europe	UK	40,428	33
Rankin-6, 2000, [54]	1989	Europe	UK	39,411	36
Rankin-7, 2000, [54]	1990	Europe	UK	40,966	30
Rankin-8, 2000, [54]	1991	Europe	UK	41,484	26
Rankin-9, 2000, [54]	1992	Europe	UK	40,316	41
Rankin-10, 2000, [54]	1993	Europe	UK	38,960	26
Rankin-11, 2000, [54]	1994	Europe	UK	35,380	21
Rankin-12, 2000, [54]	1995	Europe	UK	34,487	32
Rankin-13, 2000, [54]	1996	Europe	UK	34,024	21
Fleurke-Rozema, 2015, [55]	2008–2013	Europe	Netherlands	203,703	110
Sever-1, 1982, [56]	1966	America	USA	124,467	66
Sever-2, 1982, [56]	1967	America	USA	124,441	55
Sever-3, 1982, [56]	1968	America	USA	126,637	61
Sever-4, 1982, [56]	1969	America	USA	131,343	82
Sever-5, 1982, [56]	1970	America	USA	134,045	65
Sever-6, 1982, [56]	1971	America	USA	117,324	59
Sever-7, 1982, [56]	1972	America	USA	107,094	60
Limb-1, 1994, [57]	1972–1974	America	USA	18,155	17
Limb-2, 1994, [57]	1979–1981	America	USA	21,436	10
Limb-3, 1994, [57]	1982–1984	America	USA	25,218	11
Limb-4, 1994, [57]	1985–1987	America	USA	30,217	16
Limb-5, 1994, [57]	1988–1990	America	USA	31,290	20
Groisman-1, 2019, [58]	2016	America	Argentina	305,452	57
Rowland, 2006, [59]	1968–2002	America	USA	1,164,865	431
Krajewski, 2021, [60]	2007–2010	America	USA	1,610,709	433
Bronberg, 2020, [61]	2010–2016	America	Argentina	228,208	111
Carmichael, 2004, [62]	1989–1997	America	USA	2,234,846	535
Shaw, 2002, [63]	1985–1997	America	USA	1,303,306	197
Estevez-Ordonez, 2017, [64]	2010–2015	America	Honduras	123,903	30
Biggar-1, 1976, [65]	1918	America	USA	7199	3
Biggar-2, 1976, [65]	1919	America	USA	6973	1
Biggar-3, 1976, [65]	1920	America	USA	7153	10
Biggar-4, 1976, [65]	1921	America	USA	7272	4
Biggar-5, 1976, [65]	1922	America	USA	6905	3
Biggar-6, 1976, [65]	1923	America	USA	7256	7
Biggar-7, 1976, [65]	1924	America	USA	5967	3
Biggar-8, 1976, [65]	1925	America	USA	6925	2
Biggar-9, 1976, [65]	1926	America	USA	6393	3
Biggar-10, 1976, [65]	1927	America	USA	6717	8
Biggar-11, 1976, [65]	1928	America	USA	6370	5
Biggar-12, 1976, [65]	1929	America	USA	6116	7
Biggar-13, 1976, [65]	1930	America	USA	5872	2
Biggar-14, 1976, [65]	1931	America	USA	5632	8
Biggar-15, 1976, [65]	1932	America	USA	5574	6
Biggar-16, 1976, [65]	1933	America	USA	5065	7
Biggar-17, 1976, [65]	1934	America	USA	5127	10
Biggar-18, 1976, [65]	1935	America	USA	5101	6
Biggar-19, 1976, [65]	1936	America	USA	5056	8
Biggar-20, 1976, [65]	1937	America	USA	5314	8
Biggar-21, 1976, [65]	1938	America	USA	5613	7
Sargiotto, 2015, [66]	2009–2013	America	Argentina	703,325	212
Pacheco, 2009, [67]	2000–2006	America	Brasil	161,341	34
Janerich-1, 1973, [68]	1945–1947	America	USA	407,326	463
Janerich-2, 1973, [68]	1948–1950	America	USA	454,206	476
Janerich-3, 1973, [68]	1951–1953	America	USA	510,601	397
Janerich-4, 1973, [68]	1954–1956	America	USA	565.391	398
Janerich-5, 1973, [68]	1957–1959	America	USA	601,196	375
Janerich-6, 1973, [68]	1960–1962	America	USA	605,336	392
Janerich-7, 1973, [68]	1963–1965	America	USA	574,662	376
Janerich-8, 1973, [68]	1966–1968	America	USA	506,706	337
Janerich-9, 1973, [68]	1969–1971	America	USA	499,131	248
Jorde, 1984, [69]	1940–1979	America	USA	979,873	374
Castilla-1, 1985, [29]	1967	America	South America	12,430	7
Castilla-2, 1985, [29]	1968	America	South American	33,874	8
Castilla-3, 1985, [29]	1969	America	South American	42,874	7
Castilla-4, 1985, [29]	1970	America	South American	51,535	11
Castilla-5, 1985, [29]	1971	America	South American	47,156	9
Castilla-6, 1985, [29]	1972	America	South American	50,786	13
Castilla-7, 1985, [29]	1973	America	South American	65,009	13
Castilla-8, 1985, [29]	1974	America	South American	84,961	31
Castilla-9, 1985, [29]	1975	America	South American	65,214	11
Castilla-10, 1985, [29]	1976	America	South American	77,992	22
Castilla-11, 1985, [29]	1977	America	South American	67,432	19
Castilla-12, 1985, [29]	1978	America	South American	72,231	21
Castilla-13, 1985, [29]	1979	America	South American	68,645	20
Castilla-14, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Argentina	70,768	38
Castilla-15, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Bolivia	8,514	5
Castilla-16, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Brazil	43,702	26
Castilla-17, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Colombia	1,623	0
Castilla-18, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Chile	25,634	23
Castilla-19, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Ecuador	19,463	10
Castilla-20, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Paraguay	3,443	2
Castilla-21, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Peru	15,943	4
Castilla-22, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Uruguay	10,916	11
Castilla-23, 1985, [29]	1980–1982	America	Venezuela	55,828	35
Groisman-2, 2017, [70]	2009–2013	America	Argentina	703,422	212
Forrester-1, 1998, [71]	1987–1996	America	USA	150,000	75
Parks, 2011, [72]	1999—2005	America	USA	2,594,295	677
Cragan-1, 2009, [73]	1995–2004	America	USA	470,802	81
Besser, 2007, [74]	1968–2003	America	USA	398,165	434
de Souza, 2020, [75]	2012–2017	America	Brazil	30,761	9
James, 1993, [30]	1970–1987	America	USA	15,487,449	6040
Parker-1, 2010, [76]	2004–2006	America	USA	3,120,605.00	697
Parker-2, 2010, [76]	2004–2006	America	USA	2,075,973	211
Parker 3, 2010, [76]	2004–2006	America	USA	2,145,287	192
Feuchtbaum, 1999, [77]	1990–1994	America	USA	1,618,279	770
Windham-1, 1982, [78]	1966–1972	America	USA	865,351	447
Aguiar, 2003, [79]	1999–2000	America	Latin-America	18,807	24
Poletta, 2018, [80]	1990–2013	America	Venezuela	353,956	155
Castilla-24, 2003, [81]	1999	America	Chile	10,740	10
Castilla-25, 2003, [81]	2000	America	Chile	12,977	5
Castilla-26, 2003, [81]	2001	America	Chile	11,462	7
Forrester-2, 2000, [82]	1986–1997	America	USA	246,189	89
Winsor, 1986, [83]	1980–1984	America	Canada	61,500	43
Bidondo, 2015, [84]	2009–2013	America	Argentina	703 325	164
De Wals, 2007, [85]	1993–2002	America	Canada	1,909,741	830
Yang, 2004, [86]	1989–2000	America	USA	2,615,197	617
Boulet-1, 2011, [87]	1995–2005	America	USA	522,315	29
McBride, 1979, [88]	1952–1970	America	Columbia	686,326	466
Siffel, 2005, [89]	1978–2001	America	USA	874,100	243
Mathews-1, 2002, [90]	1991	America	USA	3,564,453	655
Mathews-2, 2002, [90]	1992	America	USA	3,572,890	457
Mathews-3, 2002, [90]	1993	America	USA	3,562,723	481
Mathews-4, 2002, [90]	1994	America	USA	3,527,482	387
Mathews-5, 2002, [90]	1995	America	USA	3,484,539	408
Mathews-6, 2002, [90]	1996	America	USA	3,478,723	416
Mathews-7, 2002, [90]	1997	America	USA	3,469,667	434
Mathews-8, 2002, [90]	1998	America	USA	3,519,240	349
Mathews-9, 2002, [90]	1999	America	USA	3,533,565	382
Mathews-10, 2002, [90]	2000	America	USA	3,640,376	376
Mathews-11, 2002, [90]	2001	America	USA	3,649,061	343
Cragan-2, 1995, [91]	1985–1994	America	USA	211,024	268
Canfield, 2009, [92]	1999–2003	America	USA	1,827,317	514
Feldman, 1982, [93]	1968–1976	America	USA	173,655	89
Naggan-1, 1969, [94]	1930–1933	America	USA	14,052	38
Naggan-2, 1969, [94]	1934–1937	America	USA	16,179	28
Naggan-3, 1969, [94]	1938–1941	America	USA	18,206	34
Naggan-4, 1969, [94]	1942–1945	America	USA	22,059	25
Naggan-5, 1969, [94]	1946–1949	America	USA	28,097	25
Naggan-6, 1969, [94]	1950–1953	America	USA	43,441	37
Naggan-7, 1969, [94]	1954–1957	America	USA	52,032	32
Naggan-8, 1969, [94]	1958–1961	America	USA	57,639.00	35
Naggan-9, 1969, [94]	1962–1965	America	USA	60,002	51
Windham-2, 1982, [95]	1966–1979	America	USA & Norway	1,656,116	802
Boulet-2, 2008, [96]	1999–2000	America	USA	3,165,992	782
Boulet-3, 2008, [96]	2001–2002	America	USA	3,218,605	692
Boulet-4, 2008, [96]	2003–2004	America	USA	3,242,424	642
Bupp, 2015, [97]	1992–2012	America	USA	1,116,289	240
Nasri, 2014, [98]	1991–2011	Africa	Tunisia	3,803,889	174
Berihu, 2018, [99]	2018	Africa	Ethiopia	14,903	99
Forci, 2020, [100]	2011–2016	Africa	Morocco	43,923	22
Buccimazza, 1994, [101]	1973–1992	Africa	South Africa	516,252	164
Omer, 2016, [102]	2014–2015	Africa	Sudan	36,785	18
Riley, 1998, [103]	1983–1995	Australia	Australia	825,051	452
Owen, 2000, [104]	1983–1997	Australia	Australia	949,914	550
Chan-1, 1993, [105]	1966	Australia	Australia	20,556	24
Chan-2, 1993, [105]	1967	Australia	Australia	20,597	8
Chan-3, 1993, [105]	1968	Australia	Australia	21,424	27
Chan-4, 1993, [105]	1969	Australia	Australia	22,185	25
Chan-5, 1993, [105]	1970	Australia	Australia	22,817	13
Chan-6, 1993, [105]	1971	Australia	Australia	23,246	27
Chan-7, 1993, [105]	1972	Australia	Australia	22,073	25
Chan-8, 1993, [105]	1973	Australia	Australia	20,651	22
Chan-9, 1993, [105]	1974	Australia	Australia	20,417	22
Chan-10, 1993, [105]	1975	Australia	Australia	20,175	17
Chan-11, 1993, [105]	1976	Australia	Australia	19,157	15
Chan-12, 1993, [105]	1977	Australia	Australia	19,438	15
Chan-13, 1993, [105]	1978	Australia	Australia	18,736	17
Chan-14, 1993, [105]	1979	Australia	Australia	18,641	19
Chan-15, 1993, [105]	1980	Australia	Australia	18,638	20
Chan-16, 1993, [105]	1981	Australia	Australia	19,052	12
Chan-17, 1993, [105]	1982	Australia	Australia	19,128	19
Chan-18, 1993, [105]	1983	Australia	Australia	19,800	15
Chan-19, 1993, [105]	1984	Australia	Australia	20,281	17
Chan-20, 1993, [105]	1985	Australia	Australia	19,833	14
Chan-21, 1993, [105]	1986	Australia	Australia	19,800	16
Chan-22, 1993, [105]	1987	Australia	Australia	19,395	16
Chan-23, 1993, [105]	1988	Australia	Australia	19,530	14
Chan-24, 1993, [105]	1989	Australia	Australia	19,823	17
Chan-25, 1993, [105]	1990	Australia	Australia	19,988	23
Chan-26, 1993, [105]	1991	Australia	Australia	19,749	20
Barry Borman, 1986, [106]	1978	Australia	New Zealand	52,143	51
BORMAN, 1993, [107]	1978–1982	Australia	New Zealand	262,821	205

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