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Table 5 Mean scores of experience of care by mode of delivery in pooled sample (Rural Kenya, Ghana and India) n = 3419

From: Associations between self-reported obstetric complications and experience of care: a secondary analysis of survey data from Ghana, Kenya, and India

 

C-Section, N = 132

Mean (SD)

Vaginal Delivery, N = 3287

Mean score (SD)

Difference between mean scores

p-value

Supportive care domain1

68.3 (SD = 14.6)

68.2 (SD = 14.2)

0.1

0.96

Time to care

2.26 (1.05)

2.31 (0.89)

− 0.05

0.61

Labor support

1.91 (1.22)

1.88 (1.15)

0.03

0.79

Delivery support

0.68 (1.14)

0.75 (1.13)

− 0.07

0.54

Talk about feeling

1.86 (1.08)

1.57 (1.05)

0.29

0.01

Support Anxiety

1.94 (1.21)

1.70 (1.33)

0.24

0.04

Attention when need help

2.26 (0.90)

2.07 (0.93)

0.18

0.03

Took best care

2.48 (0.70)

2.31 (0.78)

0.17

0.01

Control pain

1.75 (1.11)

1.44 (1.18)

0.32

0.00

Trust

2.50 (0.66)

2.31 (0.81)

0.19

0.00

Enough staff present

2.35 (0.87)

2.01 (1.01)

0.33

 < 0.001

Crowded

1.81 (1.06)

1.89 (1.10)

− 0.07

0.43

Clean environment

2.15 (0.65)

2.17 (0.60)

− 0.02

0.74

Water present at facility

2.59 (0.69)

2.40 (0.82)

0.19

0.00

Electricity present at facility

2.52 (0.82)

2.49 (0.77)

0.04

0.70

Felt safe at facility

2.58 (0.69)

2.49 (0.74)

0.09

0.16

Communication and autonomy domain1

55.7 (SD = 22.2)

40.6 (SD = 20.0)

15.1

0.00

Introduce self

0.54 (1.00)

0.42 (0.84)

0.12

0.18

Called by name

1.85 (1.25)

1.55 (1.22)

0.30

0.01

Involvement in care

2.08 (1.15)

1.78 (1.27)

0.30

0.01

Consent to procedures

1.89 (1.17)

1.50 (1.23)

0.39

 < 0.001

Delivery position choice

0.82 (1.12)

0.78 (1.07)

0.04

0.70

Language

2.48 (0.83)

2.52 (0.75)

− 0.04

0.70

Explain exams/ procedures

1.88 (1.19)

1.46 (1.21)

0.42

 < 0.001

Explain medicines

1.85 (1.32)

1.79 (1.28)

0.06

0.63

Able to ask questions

1.75 (1.21)

1.43 (1.14)

0.32

0.01

Dignity and respect domain1

84.7 (SD = 16.4)

80.0 (SD = 18.5)

4.7

0.00

Treated with respect

2.39 (0.88)

2.33 (0.82)

0.06

0.46

Friendly

2.29 (0.94)

2.30 (0.84)

0.00

0.91

Verbal abuse

2.73 (0.73)

2.76 (0.67)

− 0.04

0.66

Physical abuse

2.82 (0.54)

2.91 (0.41)

− 0.09

0.07

Visual privacy (were covered)

2.38 (0.73)

2.59 (0.72)

− 0.22

0.00

Record confidentiality

2.42 (0.84)

2.32 (0.87)

0.10

0.21

Additional experience of care indicators

Bribe

2.86 (0.47)

2.88 (0.44)

− 0.02

0.65

Lack of privacy during discussions**

2.12 (1.20)

2.16 (1.09)

− 0.04

0.72

Providers ask about pain**

1.84 (1.10)

1.51 (1.13)

0.33

0.00

Received attention during stay at facility**

2.29 (0.76)

2.14 (0.88)

0.15

0.04

Allowed to eat and drink**

1.35 (1.18)

1.54 (1.165)

− 0.19

0.09

Patient forced to stay**

2.73 (0.73)

2.93 (0.35)

− 0.20

0.00

Patient treated differently**

2.78 (0.67)

2.90 (0.44)

− 0.12

0.05

Providers showed care**

2.48 (0.76)

2.32 (0.81)

0.16

0.03

  1. Does not include data from Urban Kenya
  2. Bolded p-value is below 0.05
  3. **Does not include data from India (n = 1401)
  4. 1Summative scores generated by adding up responses to all items in the subscale/domain