Characteristics | N | % |
---|---|---|
Maternal age (years) | Â | Â |
  < 30 | 227 | 57.32 |
  ≥ 30 | 169 | 42.68 |
Maternal household registration | Â | Â |
 Local | 245 | 61.87 |
 Non-local | 151 | 38.13 |
Maternal education | Â | Â |
 High school or below | 41 | 10.35 |
 College or above | 355 | 89.65 |
Gravidity | Â | Â |
 0 | 274 | 69.19 |
 1 ~  | 122 | 30.81 |
Maternal BMI before pregnancy (\(kg/{m}^{2}\)) | Â | Â |
  < 18.5 | 76 | 19.19 |
 18.5–23.9 | 280 | 70.71 |
  > 23.9 | 40 | 10.10 |
Previous pregnancy complicationa | Â | Â |
 Yes | 74 | 18.69 |
 No | 322 | 81.31 |
Utilization of pre-conception health care | Â | Â |
 Yes | 159 | 40.15 |
 No | 237 | 59.85 |
Utilization of antenatal care | Â | Â |
 Yes | 341 | 86.11 |
 No | 55 | 13.89 |
Paternal age (years) | Â | Â |
  < 30 | 177 | 44.70 |
  ≥ 30 | 219 | 55.30 |
Paternal household registration | Â | Â |
 Local | 271 | 68.43 |
 Non-local | 125 | 31.57 |
Paternal education | Â | Â |
 High school or below | 35 | 8.84 |
 College or above | 361 | 91.16 |
Paternal monthly income (× 10 000 ¥b) |  |  |
  ≤ 1 | 198 | 50.00 |
  > 1 | 198 | 50.00 |
Annual household income (× 10 000 ¥b) |  |  |
  < 20 | 236 | 59.60 |
  ≥ 20 | 160 | 40.40 |
Family SES scores and groups | Â | Â |
 − 0.4478  ~ (G1) | 99 | 25.00 |
 − 0.1297~ (G2) | 141 | 35.61 |
 0.3184  ~  (G3) | 57 | 14.39 |
 0.3184 ~ (G4) | 99 | 25.00 |
Age of child (years) | Â | Â |
 0–1 | 152 | 38.38 |
 2–3 | 149 | 37.63 |
 4 ~  | 95 | 23.99 |
Folic acid supplementation during periconception period | 308 | 77.78 |
 Supplementation prior to conception and in the first trimester | 120 | 30.30 |
 Supplementation only prior to conception | 22 | 5.56 |
 Supplementation only in the first trimester | 166 | 41.92 |