Table 2 Coverage of maternal healthcare by common equity strata for Bangladesh and Pakistan
Equity strata | Bangladesh | Pakistan | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size (n) | Single ANC visit (1st trimester) by skilled provider | At least four ANC visits by skilled provider | Skilled birth attendance | Facility-based delivery | Sample size (n) | Single ANC visit (1st trimester) by skilled provider | At least four ANC visits by skilled provider | Skilled birth attendance | Facility-based delivery | |
National | 4948 | 37.15 (0.01) | 47.07 (0.01) | 52.98 (0.01) | 49.70 (0.01) | 5122 | 54.83 (0.01) | 52.17 (0.02) | 73.37 (0.01) | 70.35 (0.02) |
Women’s age | ||||||||||
15–19 | 864 | 35.55 (0.02) | 47.49 (0.02) | 54.54 (0.02) | 50.73 (0.02) | 279 | 54.81 (0.04) | 45.43 (0.04) | 70.87 (0.04) | 67.74 (0.04) |
20–34 | 3782 | 38.04 (0.01) | 47.59 (0.01) | 53.01 (0.01) | 49.98 (0.01) | 3948 | 56.57 (0.01) | 54.01 (0.02) | 74.83 (0.02) | 72.01 (0.02) |
35–49 | 302 | 30.47 (0.03) | 38.98 (0.03) | 47.75 (0.03) | 42.80 (0.03) | 895 | 46.54 (0.02) | 45.35 (0.03) | 67.13 (0.03) | 63.20 (0.03) |
Women’s education | ||||||||||
No formal schooling | 307 | 19.97 (0.02) | 19.78 (0.02) | 29.06 (0.03) | 26.50 (0.03) | 2752 | 38.36 (0.01) | 31.71 (0.02) | 59.74 (0.02) | 56.00 (0.02) |
Primary education not completed | 853 | 24.16 (0.02) | 32.55 (0.02) | 32.01 (0.02) | 29.43 (0.02) | 229 | 55.76 (0.04) | 52.83 (0.04) | 72.72 (0.03) | 69.66 (0.04) |
Primary education completed | 524 | 30.00 (0.02) | 36.20 (0.03) | 37.82 (0.03) | 35.00 (0.03) | 445 | 56.24 (0.03) | 54.76 (0.03) | 79.53 (0.02) | 75.38 (0.02) |
Junior school completed | 2106 | 36.29 (0.01) | 49.37 (0.01) | 54.48 (0.02) | 50.64 (0.01) | 504 | 70.36 (0.03) | 69.82 (0.03) | 82.65 (0.02) | 80.68 (0.02) |
Secondary school completed | 262 | 44.73 (0.03) | 58.39 (0.03) | 74.74 (0.03) | 71.63 (0.03) | 490 | 76.58 (0.03) | 77.95 (0.03) | 90.34 (0.02) | 88.51 (0.02) |
Higher secondary or above | 896 | 60.80 (0.02) | 69.08 (0.02) | 81.70 (0.02) | 78.50 (0.02) | 702 | 81.32 (0.02) | 86.98 (0.02) | 95.79 (0.01) | 94.42 (0.01) |
Place of residence | ||||||||||
Urban | 1697 | 47.33 (0.02) | 58.71 (0.02) | 67.69 (0.02) | 62.82 (0.02) | 2353 | 68.84 (0.02) | 70.93 (0.02) | 86.35 (0.02) | 83.64 (0.01) |
Rural | 3251 | 33.43 (0.01) | 42.82 (0.01) | 47.61 (0.01) | 44.90 (0.01) | 2769 | 47.96 (0.02) | 42.98 (0.02) | 67.00 (0.02) | 63.83 (0.02) |
Employment status | ||||||||||
Currently employed | 1853 | 31.53 (0.01) | 45.42 (0.02) | 44.26 (0.02) | 40.79 (0.02) | 580 | 49.18 (0.03) | 44.90 (0.04) | 68.40 (0.03) | 66.03 (0.03) |
Not currently employed | 3095 | 40.48 (0.01) | 48.05 (0.01) | 58.15 (0.01) | 54.97 (0.01) | 4541 | 55.71 (0.01) | 53.31 (0.02) | 74.14 (0.01) | 71.03 (0.02) |
Wealth quintile | ||||||||||
Poorest | 1066 | 22.10 (0.01) | 30.95 (0.02) | 27.93 (0.02) | 26.35 (0.02) | 1164 | 27.38 (0.02) | 22.51 (0.02) | 51.52 (0.03) | 47.76 (0.03) |
Poorer | 1007 | 30.03 (0.02) | 36.40 (0.02) | 40.35 (0.02) | 37.26 (0.02) | 1029 | 41.68 (0.02) | 35.43 (0.02) | 59.87 (0.03) | 56.46 (0.03) |
Middle | 892 | 35.38 (0.02) | 45.73 (0.02) | 52.86 (0.02) | 49.07 (0.02) | 972 | 57.78 (0.02) | 50.57 (0.03) | 77.13 (0.02) | 73.41 (0.02) |
Richer | 972 | 38.36 (0.02) | 51.78 (0.02) | 62.94 (0.02) | 59.25 (0.02) | 940 | 69.16 (0.02) | 70.87 (0.02) | 86.62 (0.02) | 83.91 (0.02) |
Richest | 1011 | 61.06 (0.02) | 71.84 (0.02) | 82.64 (0.01) | 78.26 (0.01) | 1017 | 81.56 (0.02) | 85.73 (0.03) | 94.17 (0.01) | 92.88 (0.01) |
Husband’s education | ||||||||||
No formal schooling | 672 | 22.32 (0.02) | 29.88 (0.02) | 31.73 (0.02) | 28.91 (0.02) | 1505 | 36.69 (0.02) | 30.73 (0.02) | 59.17 (0.02) | 55.06 (0.02) |
Primary education not completed | 927 | 27.18 (0.02) | 34.57 (0.02) | 37.92 (0.02) | 35.22 (0.02) | 241 | 48.25 (0.04) | 41.15 (0.04) | 65.77 (0.05) | 62.66 (0.04) |
Primary education completed | 707 | 28.51 (0.02) | 40.69 (0.02) | 44.81 (0.02) | 40.75 (0.02) | 488 | 51.35 (0.03) | 45.73 (0.03) | 68.05 (0.03) | 64.78 (0.03) |
Junior school completed | 1352 | 37.83 (0.02) | 49.38 (0.02) | 56.31 (0.02) | 53.01 (0.02) | 789 | 60.38 (0.02) | 57.06 (0.03) | 74.91 (0.03) | 71.26 (0.03) |
Secondary school completed | 267 | 49.07 (0.04) | 57.06 (0.03) | 70.50 (0.03) | 65.55 (0.03) | 901 | 63.53 (0.02) | 63.78 (0.02) | 82.46 (0.02) | 80.63 (0.02) |
Higher secondary or above | 948 | 60.79 (0.02) | 71.94 (0.02) | 81.19 (0.02) | 77.98 (0.02) | 1146 | 73.12 (0.02) | 75.90 (0.02) | 89.69 (0.01) | 87.87 (0.01) |
Wanted last child | ||||||||||
Yes | 3902 | 38.98 (0.01) | 49.33 (0.01) | 55.32 (0.01) | 52.17 (0.01) | 4549 | 54.78 (0.01) | 52.11 (0.02) | 73.08 (0.02) | 70.23 (0.02) |
No | 1046 | 30.23 (0.02) | 38.52 (0.02) | 44.15 (0.02) | 40.36 (0.02) | 573 | 55.19 (0.03) | 52.57 (0.03) | 75.24 (0.02) | 71.11 (0.02) |
Last live birth order | ||||||||||
First | 1893 | 42.68 (0.02) | 53.79 (0.02) | 64.53 (0.02) | 60.81 (0.02) | 1092 | 70.44 (0.02) | 64.72 (0.02) | 83.39 (0.02) | 81.95 (0.02) |
Second | 1614 | 38.14 (0.01) | 48.21 (0.02) | 52.29 (0.02) | 49.56 (0.02) | 1121 | 60.97 (0.02) | 57.47 (0.02) | 77.78 (0.02) | 74.44 (0.02) |
Third | 840 | 33.03 (0.02) | 44.70 (0.02) | 44.79 (0.02) | 41.59 (0.02) | 907 | 53.80 (0.03) | 52.59 (0.03) | 75.10 (0.02) | 72.40 (0.02) |
Fourth or higher | 601 | 22.90 (0.02) | 26.40 (0.02) | 30.04 (0.02) | 26.51 (0.02) | 2002 | 42.97 (0.02) | 41.89 (0.02) | 64.43 (0.02) | 60.56 (0.02) |
Pregnancy termination history | ||||||||||
Yes | 831 | 39.05 (0.02) | 51.65 (0.02) | 56.80 (0.02) | 54.15 (0.02) | 1423 | 57.95 (0.02) | 54.71 (0.02) | 71.90 (0.02) | 69.58 (0.02) |
No | 4117 | 36.78 (0.01) | 46.17 (0.01) | 52.23 (0.01) | 48.82 (0.01) | 3699 | 53.52 (0.01) | 51.11 (0.02) | 73.99 (0.01) | 70.67 (0.02) |