Table 2 Sumadhur intervention impact on norms on fertility and on decision-making by participant type
| Â | % Change pre- to post-intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norm category | Norm subcategory | Survey prompts & responses | Women | Husbands | Mother-in-laws |
Norms on Fertility | Timing of first pregnancy | It is wrong to use contraceptives or other means to avoid or delay pregnancy before having had at least 1 birth | p = 0.015 | p = 0.017 | p = 0.085 |
Strongly agree | − 23.33 |  + 20.00 | − 16.67 | ||
Agree | 0.00 | − 13.33 | − 10.00 | ||
Neutral | − 10.00 | 0.00 | − 6.67 | ||
Disagree |  + 23.33 | − 6.67 |  + 33.33 | ||
Strongly disagree |  + 10.00 | − 6.67 | 0.00 | ||
Spacing of pregnancies | It is wrong to use contraceptives or other means to avoid or delay pregnancy | p = 0.009 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.031 | |
Strongly agree | − 6.67 | − 40.00 | − 6.67 | ||
Agree | − 6.67 | − 6.67 | − 3.33 | ||
Neutral | − 6.67 | 0.00 | − 10.00 | ||
Disagree | − 3.33 | − 16.67 |  + 3.33 | ||
Strongly disagree |  + 23.33 |  + 56.66 |  + 16.66 | ||
Norms on family size | How many children would you like to have? | p = 0.453 | p = 0.663 | p = 0.453 | |
One | − 6.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Two |  + 3.33 | − 10.00 |  + 13.34 | ||
Three |  + 3.34 |  + 3.33 | − 13.34 | ||
Norms on sex preference of children | You desire at least one future child to be male | p = 0.063 | p = 0.125 | p = 0.016 | |
Yes |  + 10.00 | − 3.33 |  + 67.74 | ||
No |  + 43.33 |  + 26.67 |  + 32.26 | ||
Missing | − 53.33 | − 23.33 | − 25.81 | ||
You desire at least one future child to be female | p = 0.063 | p = 0.375 | p = 0.016 | ||
Yes |  + 6.66 | − 0.33 | − 16.66 | ||
No |  + 43.33 |  + 23.34 |  + 33.33 | ||
Missing | − 50.00 | − 23.33 | − 16.67 | ||
Norms on Decision− Making | Couple dynamics and decision-making | Most families you know believe men should make the decision about whether or not their wife uses birth control | p = 0.383 | p = 0.754 | p = 0.125 |
Strongly agree | − 3.33 | − 3.33 | − 16.67 | ||
Agree |  + 23.33 |  + 6.67 |  + 20.00 | ||
Neutral | 0.00 | 0.00 | − 3.33 | ||
Disagree | − 26.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Strongly disagree | − 13.33 | − 10.00 | 0.00 | ||
Household roles and decision− making | Most families you know believe husbands should have the final say about when to start trying to have their first child | p = 0.163 | p = 0.629 | p = 0.144 | |
Strongly agree | − 10.00 | − 3.33 | − 16.67 | ||
Agree |  + 50.00 |  + 13.33 |  + 46.67 | ||
Neutral | − 30.00 | 0.00 | − 3.34 | ||
Disagree | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Strongly disagree | − 10.00 | − 16.67 | − 26.66 | ||
Most families you know believe husbands should make the final decision about the total number of children they want | p = 0.048 | p = 1.000 | p = 0.263 | ||
Strongly agree | − 10.00 | 0.00 | − 16.67 | ||
Agree |  + 56.66 | − 6.66 |  + 43.33 | ||
Neutral | − 26.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Disagree | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Strongly disagree | − 20.00 | 0.00 | − 26.67 | ||
Individual intentions | Do you think you will use a contraceptive method to delay or avoid pregnancy at any time in the future? | p = 0.008 | p = 0.125 | N/A | |
No | 0.00 | − 6.67 | – | ||
Yes |  + 26.66 |  + 10.00 | – | ||
Unsure | − 26.66 | − 10.00 | – | ||