Table 5 Characteristics of the review included safety culture

Other outcomes

MNCH specific outcomes

Burls 2006[44]

Influenza vaccination

cRCT: 3

RCT: 03

Before/after studies: 05Surveys: 07

Health care workers in hospitals, nursing homes or the community in contact with high-risk individuals in HIC

Vaccination uptake

No

Range 5% - 45%

Effectiveness

Narrative

Gould 2011[48]

Hand hygiene

ITS: 02

RCT: 01

CBA: 01

Nurses, doctors and other allied health professionals (except operating theatre staff) in any hospital or community setting, (HIC)

Effectiveness

No

Multifaceted campaigns with social marketing or staff involvement appear to have an effect

Hollmeyer 2009[45]

Identify self-reported reasons among HCW for vaccine acceptance or non-acceptance and to identify predictive factors that are statistically associated with influenza vaccine acceptance.

13 studies

Physicians, nurses or both and not support staff or para/non-medical personnel

Self-reported reasons

No

If HCW get immunized against influenza, they do so primarily for their own benefit and not for the benefit to their patients

Predictive factors

Morello 2013[50]

There were a number of different safety culture strategies tested, including leadership walk rounds, structured educational programs, team-based strategies, simulation-based training programs, multi-faceted unit-based programs and multi-component organizational interventions.

cRCT: 1

Pre-Post: 7

Historically controlled studies: 13

Any study on with health care workers within a hospital, hospital department or clinical unit

Leadership walk rounds

No

2/2 studies some to moderate effect

Multi-faceted unit-based programs

6/7 studies some to moderate effect

Multi-component organizational strategies

1 study showed no effect

Structured educational programs

1/2 studies some to moderate effect

Simulation-based training programs

1/4 studies some to moderate effect

Team based strategies

1/3 studies some to moderate effect

Other patient safety culture strategies

1/2 studies some to moderate effect

Nascimanto 2009[64]

Safety culture and patient safety

48 references

General health care environment

No

Narrative

Ng 2011[46]

Influenza vaccination

RCT: 03

Mean number of working days lost

Yes

0.08 (0.19 to 0.02)

Days with ILI symptoms

0.12 ( 0.3 to 0.06)

RR of ILI episodes

1.14 ( 0.15 to 8.52)

Royal 2006[49]

Interventions applied in primary care which aimed to reduce drug-related morbidity, hospitalization or death resulting from medication overuse or misuse.

38 studies

Pharmacist, Nurses, healthcare professionals in HIC

Hospital admission in pharmacist led intervention

Yes

0.64 (0.43- 0.96)

Complex interventions to reduce fall in elderly

0.91 (0.68-1.21)

Seale 2011[47]

Any study examining seasonal influenza vaccination (uptake, attitudes and/or programs) among Australian hospital Health care workers was included.

10 studies

Health care workers in Australia

Policies and implementation of vaccine protocols

No

16 to 77% coverage of vaccination after intervention compared to 8 to 50% coverage before intervention

Weaver 2013[51]

20 studies explicitly included team training or tools to improve team communication processes, 8 explicitly included some form of executive walk rounds or interdisciplinary rounding, and 8 explicitly used comprehensive unit based safety program (CUSP).

Pre–post studies: 27

RCT: 4

Observational: 3

Any health care professionals or paraprofessionals practicing in adult or pediatric inpatient settings

CUSP

Staff perceptions of safety culture

No

6/8 studies reported statistically significant improvements in

Safety culture score

23/32 studies reported improvement

Patient outcomes

6/11 studies reported improvement