Variable | Description |
---|---|
Demographics | age, caste, religion, education, literacy, income, employment, and living conditions |
Marital Factors | age at and length of marriage, frequency of sexual activity marital communication |
Fertility and FP History | age at first pregnancy, number and timing/wantedness of pregnancies and childbirths, sex of children, current breast feeding, FP history (timing and type of contraceptives used). |
Fertility/FP normative beliefs and ideologies | ideal number of children, in total and based on sex (parity, son preference); Attitudes toward contraception, contraceptive knowledge, desire for and intent to use traditional and/or modern contraceptives (by type), and perceived access to all forms of contraception |
Sexual risk behaviors | past year sexual infidelity or sex work involvement, condom use in these contexts |
Male Gender Equity Norms (only men asked) | 15 item scale measured male gender norms related to sexual and reproductive health, sexual relations, violence, domestic responsibilities, and homophobia. Gender-Equitable Men Scale [38] (CHARM Cronbach alpha .72); |
Male Partner Violencea (only women asked) | 11 items assessed physical and sexual marital violence, ever and in past 12 months. (CHARM Cronbach alphas .82–.92 across subscales) |
Acceptability of spousal violence | two scales of 8 and 10 items assessed reasons for acceptability of spousal physical and sexual violence. CHARM Cronbach alpha .82 &. 92, respectively |
FP behaviors | item assessed contraception used (e.g., withdrawal, condom, IUD, sterilization, etc.) in the past 3Â months. Item assessed discussion of contraceptive use with spouse. |
Pregnancy and Pregnancy Intent | data on current pregnancy was obtained via a urine test for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at baseline and 18Â month follow-up. Survey data also captured self-reported pregnancy and whether they want to become pregnant then, later, or not at all. |