Maternal morbidity associated with violence and maltreatment from husbands and in-laws: findings from Indian slum communities

Table 3 Adjusted associations of peripregnancy abuse (IPV, ILV, and GBHM) and maternal health outcomes, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (N = 1,049)

	Prenatal care in first trimester (n = 485)	No weight gain during pregnancy (n = 83)	Pain during intercourse (n = 163)	High blood pressure (n = 113)	Vaginal bleeding (n = 92)	Premature rupture of membranes (n = 113)	Premature birth (n = 144)
	AOR^a (95 % CI)	AOR^a (95 % CI)	AOR^a (95 % CI)	AOR^a (95 % CI)	AOR^a (95 % CI)	AOR^a (95 % CI)	AOR^a (95 % CI)
Peripregnancy IPV
Any	0.85 (0.63–1.15) ^*	1.32 (0.79–2.21) ^**	1.79 (1.23–2.60) ^***	1.03 (0.66–1.61) ^****	1.19 (0.73–1.92) ^****	1.36 (0.86–2.15) ^*****	1.12 (0.74–1.69) ^******
None^b	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Peripregnancy ILV
Any	0.48 (0.24–0.95) ^*	1.88 (0.80–4.45) ^**	1.34 (0.67–2.69) ^***	1.30 (0.55–3.07) ^****	1.35 (0.57–3.23) ^****	1.15 (0.49–2.68) ^*****	1.10 (0.47–2.58) ^******
None^b	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Peripregnancy GBHM
Any	0.80 (0.60–1.06) ^*	1.50 (0.89–2.53) ^**	1.60 (1.09–2.34) ^***	1.27 (0.83–1.94) ^****	1.80 (1.11–2.91) ^****	2.28 (1.43–3.63) ^*****	0.81 (0.55–1.19) ^******
None^b	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

^a All models include IPV, ILV, GBHM, and age
^b Referent is no IPV/ILV/GBHM
^* Additional significant covariates: education, household income, husband’s relative age to wife’s age, husband formal education, number of other children (p < 0.05)
^** Additional significant covariates: household income, family type (p < 0.05)
^*** Additional significant covariates: family type (p < 0.05)
^**** No additional significant covariates (p < 0.05)
^***** Additional significant covariates: religion, family type, number of other children (p < 0.05)
^****** Additional significant covariate: education (p < 0.05)
All bolded statistics are signficant at p < .05

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