Table 5 Results of bivariate analysis of D&A items with facility type and client’s age, parity and HIV status

RMC Item

Facility type^a

p-value

Age

p-value

Parity

p-value

HIV status^b

p-value

 Does not respectfully greet woman

2.14

0.10

1.01

0.72

0.94

0.61

1.21

0.79

 Shout, insult or threaten the woman during labor or after

0.19

0.006

0.99

0.55

0.91

0.36

1.46

0.53

 Does not ask woman (and support person) if she has any questions

0.51

0.12

0.99

0.80

0.94

0.61

0.81

0.68

 Does not ask client if there are any other problems the client is concerned about

2.40

0.036

0.98

0.42

1.11

0.26

0.38

0.04

 Does not explain procedures to woman (support person) before proceeding

1.29

0.52

0.99

0.90

1.02

0.81

0.99

0.90

 Does not inform the woman what will happen before conducting the vaginal exam

0.85

0.79

0.96

0.19

1.01

0.91

0.74

0.64

 Does not inform pregnant woman of findings

1.15

0.81

1.00

0.99

1.04

0.79

0.46

0.46

 Does not explain what will happen in labor to woman (support person) at least once

1.41

0.52

0.96

0.22

0.85

0.09

1.05

0.93

 Does not explain procedures to woman (support person) before proceeding

1.15

0.83

0.97

0.34

0.87

0.15

0.62

0.56

 Provider does not give at least one update on status and progress of labor

0.64

0.006

1.01

0.18

0.95

0.24

1.26

0.43

 Woman does not have audio and visual privacy (during initial client assessment)

0.91

0.80

1.00

0.98

1.10

0.36

0.34

0.05

 Provider does not drape woman (one drape under buttocks, one over abdomen)

0.98

0.96

0.99

0.66

0.95

0.60

1.13

0.84

 Woman does not have her own bed

0.50

0.56

0.85

<0.001

0.64

0.24

n/a^c

n/a

 Provider does not use curtains or other visual barriers to protect woman during exams, births, procedures

2.99

0.020

1.00

0.88

1.04

0.60

0.38

0.23

 Does not encourage the woman to have a support person present during labor and delivery

1.43

0.52

1.00

0.99

1.00

0.98

0.64

0.50

 Does not encourage woman to consume fluids/food during labor at least once

0.24

0.001

1.00

0.86

0.92

0.40

1.59

0.40

 Does not encourage or assist woman to ambulate and assume different positions during labor at least once

0.24

0.004

1.03

0.23

1.01

0.89

0.65

0.54

 Provider does not ask woman which position she would like to deliver in

2.54

0.28

0.98

0.71

0.91

0.66

0.17

0.010

 Support person or companion for mother is not present at birth

2.61

0.001

1.02

0.11

1.26

<0.001

2.00

0.06

 If support person was not present at birth: Support person was restricted from being present

1.62

0.18

1.00

0.69

0.94

0.20

0.56

0.16

 Woman requested some pain relief for her pain but was not given anything

0.29

0.24

0.96

0.16

0.81

0.06

n/a^c

n/a

 Woman was not allowed to deliver in her preferred birthing position (if she had a preferred position)

0.53

0.26

1.03

0.07

1.06

0.56

0.77

0.68

 Mother and newborn were not kept in same room after delivery (rooming-in)

1.44

0.16

0.98

0.12

0.96

0.32

0.89

0.70