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Table 3 Adverse maternal outcomes among different management groups in WHOGS, WHOMCS and Combined databases

From: Management of pregnancy at and beyond 41 completed weeks of gestation in low-risk women: a secondary analysis of two WHO multi-country surveys on maternal and newborn health

Adverse maternal outcomes

WHOGS

WHOMCS

Combined

n/N (%)

Crude ORa (95% CI)

AORb (95% CI)

n/N (%)

Crude ORa (95% CI)

AOR* (95% CI)

n/N (%)

Crude ORa (95% CI)

AORb (95% CI)

PPH

 IOL

88/2119 (4.2)

1

1

38/2213 (1.7)

1

1

126/4332 (2.9)

1

1

 ECS

11/691 (1.6)

0.78 (0.39, 1.56)

0.66 (0.30, 1.44)

19 /1260 (1.5)

1.01 (0.54, 1.87)

0.99 (0.50, 1.98)

30 /1951 (1.5)

1.01 (0.66, 1.53)

0.89 (0.56, 1.43)

 EM

542/13338 (4.1)

1.12 (0.84, 1.51)

1.21 (0.86, 1.70)

173/13382 (1.3)

0.88 (0.58, 1.33)

0.91 (0.57, 1.45)

715/26720 (2.7)

1.03 (0.82, 1.29)

1.03 (0.80, 1.33)

Ruptured uterus

 IOL

3/2119 (0.5)

1

1

0/2213 (0.0)

–

–

3/4332 (0.1)

1

1

 ECS

2/691 (0.3)

0.65 (0.10, 4.04)

0.40 (0.05, 3.22)

0 /1260 (0.0)

–

–

2 /1951 (0.1)

0.74 (0.15, 3.60)

0.48 (0.07, 3.05)

 EM

40/13338 (1.2)

2.70 (0.79, 9.28)

1.52 (0.32, 7.16)

10/13382 (0.1)

–

–

50/26720 (0.3)

3.29 (1.16, 9.33)

1.98 (0.51, 7.65)

Admission to ICU

 IOL

24/2119 (1.1)

1

1

0/2213 (0.0)

–

–

24/4332 (0.6)

1

1

 ECS

5/691 (0.7)

1.85 (0.58, 5.88)

1.17 (0.35, 4.03)

0 /1260 (0.0)

–

–

5 /1951 (0.3)

1.21 (0.49, 2.96)

1.09 (0.36, 3.31)

 EM

258/13338 (1.9)

0.62 (0.37, 1.03)

0.60 (0.34, 1.03)

8/13382 (0.1)

–

–

266/26720 (1.0)

0.69 (0.44, 1.07)

0.66 (0.39, 1.13)

Postpartum length of stay >7 days

 IOL

76/2119 (3.6)

1

1

44/2213 (2.0)

1

1

120/4332 (2.8)

1

1

 ECS

21/691 (3.0)

2.18 (1.29, 3.68)

1.22 (0.68, 2.19)

49 /1260 (3.9)

2.33 (1.51, 3.60)

1.54 (0.96, 2.49)

70 /1951 (3.6)

2.16 (1.57, 2.99)

1.33 (0.93, 1.90)

 EM

373/13338 (2.8)

1.08 (0.80, 1.45)

0.98 (0.71, 1.35)

424/13382 (3.2)

0.81 (0.57, 1.15)

0.83 (0.57, 1.21)

797/26720 (3.0)

0.91 (0.73, 1.13)

0.87 (0.69, 1.11)

Severe maternal outcomec

 IOL

52/2119 (2.5)

1

1

4/2213 (0.2)

1

1

56/4332 (1.3)

1

1

 ECS

14/691 (2.0)

1.41 (0.73, 2.70)

1.15 (0.57, 2.34)

3 /1260 (0.2)

1.41 (0.30, 6.63)

0.64 (0.10, 3.97)

17 /1951 (0.9)

1.42 (0.83, 2.46)

1.08 (0.59, 1.96)

 EM

382/13338 (2.9)

0.80 (0.56, 1.14)

0.86 (0.59, 1.27)

18/13382 (0.1)

0.67 (0.21, 2.13)

0.55(0.16, 1.79)

400/26720 (1.5)

0.77 (0.56, 1.04)

0.80 (0.57, 1.13)

CS rate

 IOL

590/2119 (27.8)

1

1

690/2213 (31.2)

1

1

1280/4332 (29.6)

1

1

 EM

3416/13338 (25.6)

0.82 (0.73, 0.92)

0.76 (0.66,0.87)

3463/13382 (25.9)

0.69 (0.61, 0.77)

0.67 (0.59,0.76)

6879/26720 (25.7)

0.74 (0.68, 0.80)

0.70 (0.64,0.77)

  1. (IOL Induction of labour group, ECS Elective Caesarean section group, EM Expectant management group) aCrude ORs were calculated by multilevel logistic regression model after accounted for cluster effect (facility level and country level) bAdjusted – for maternal characteristics (age, marital status, education, parity, previous CS); neonatal characteristics (birth weight); facility capacity index score and cluster effect (health facility level, country level in WHOGS and WHOMCS; one more level (data source – WHOGS & WHOMCS) in combined database cSevere maternal outcome – presence of at least one of maternal death, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, eclampsia and admission to ICU in WHOGS; presence of maternal death or maternal near miss in WHOMCS (Maternal near miss is defined as WHO criteria)Values in bold mean they are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
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Reproductive Health

ISSN: 1742-4755