Table 3 Sociodemographic characteristics, birth experiences, and perinatal health of women delivering at 81 public health facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India, for total sample (NÂ =Â 875) by observed and self-reported Mistreatment of Woman by Provider During Childbirth
Variables |  | Self-reported mistreatment during childbirth (all items) (# of items = 17) | Self-reported abuse during childbirth (items matched with those in observations) (# of items = 6) | Observed mistreatment in childbirth (# of items = 6) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Total Sample (N = 875) | Mistreatment During Childbirth (n = 676) | p-value* | Mistreatment During Childbirth (n = 80) | p-value* | Mistreatment During Childbirth (n = 196) | p-value* |
% (n) | % (n) | Â | % (n) | Â | % (n) | Â | |
Sociodemographics | |||||||
 Age of respondents | |||||||
  Mean | 26.8 | 26.8 | 0.75 | 28.1 | 0.015 | 26.9 | 0.72 |
  Std. dev. | 5.1 | 5.1 |  | 7.5 |  | 5.4 |  |
 Age at Marriage | |||||||
  Mean | 19.5 | 19.4 | 0.24 | 19.7 | 0.23 | 19.2 | 0.03 |
  Std. dev. | 1.9 | 1.8 |  | 2.1 |  | 1.9 |  |
 Literacy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Illiterate | 47.5 (416) | 79.5 (331) | 0.12 | 8.9 (37) | 0.81 | 22.8 (95) | 0.77 |
  Literate | 52.5 (459) | 75.2 (345) |  | 9.4 (43) |  | 22.0 (101) | |
 Religion | |||||||
  Hindu | 84.1 (736) | 77.7 (572) | 0.46 | 9.5 (70) | 0.39 | 22.4 (165) | 0.98 |
  Muslim | 15.9 (139) | 74.8 (104) | 7.2 (10) | 22.3 (31) | |||
 Caste | |||||||
  SC/ST/OBC | 88.1 (771) | 78.5 (605) | 0.02 | 9 (69) | 0.59 | 22.2 (171) | 0.67 |
  Other | 11.9 (104) | 68.3 (71) |  | 10.6 (11) |  | 24.0 (25) |  |
 Wealth Index | |||||||
  Lowest | 19.7 (172) | 77.3 (133) | 0.59 | 12.2 (21) | 0.34 | 23.3 (40) | 0.77 |
  Low | 18.7 (164) | 74.4 (122) | 11 (18) | 20.1 (33) | |||
  Medium | 19.1 (167) | 78.4 (131) | 6.6 (11) | 24 (40) | |||
  High | 20.5 (179) | 81 (145) | 8.4 (15) | 24.6 (44) | |||
  Highest | 22.1 (193) | 75.1 (145) | 7.8 (15) | 20.2 (39) | |||
 Parity (number of births) | |||||||
  Single | 32.5 (284) | 73.6 (209) | 0.07 | 9.5 (27) | 0.8 | 21.8 (62) | 0.78 |
  Multiple | 67.5 (591) | 79.0 (467) |  | 9 (53) |  | 22.7 (134) |  |
Study design | |||||||
 Intervention Condition |  |  | <0.001 |  |  |  |  |
  Nurse-mentored | 51.3 (449) | 70.2 (315) |  | 10.5 (47) | 0.16 | 22.5 (101) | 0.95 |
  Non-nurse mentored | 48.7 (426) | 84.7 (361) |  | 7.8 (33) |  | 22.3 (95) |  |
 Stay at facility for 48 h post delivery | 23.5 (206) | 77.7 (160) | 0.87 | 4.4 (9) | 0.007 | 16.0 (33) | 0.012 |
 Any complications at delivery | 40.1 (351) | 80.3 (282) | 0.08 | 12 (42) | 0.02 | 23.9 (84) | 0.37 |
 Any complications Postpartum | 28.6 (250) | 86 (215) | <0.001 | 13.2 (33) | 0.01 | 20.4 (51) | 0.37 |
 Any new-born complications | 27.4 (240) | 87.5 (210) | <0.001 | 14.6 (35) | 0.001 | 25 (60) | 0.26 |
 Low birth weight newborn (<2500 g) | 11.1 (97) | 78.4 (76) | 0.79 | 6.2 (6) | 0.28 | 19.6 (19) | 0.48 |
 Age of provider | |||||||
  Mean | 36.3 | 36.2 | 0.57 | 37.9 | 0.18 | 39.7 | <0.001 |
  Std. Dev. | 11.1 | 11.1 |  | 12.9 |  | 12.3 |  |
 Years of experience | |||||||
  Mean | 10.2 | 10.0 | 0.26 | 12.1 | 0.08 | 12.6 | <0.001 |
  Std. Dev. | 10.0 | 9.9 |  | 11.1 |  | 11.0 |  |
 SBA (Skill Birth Attendant) trained | 47.4 (415) | 74.0 (307) | 0.03 | 7.5 (31) | 0.10 | 21.0 (87) | 0.33 |