Associations of gestational weight gain with offspring thinness and obesity: by prepregnancy body mass index

Table 1 Characteristics of mothers and children by gestational weight gain

	N	GWG categories			Overall	P ^*
	N	Inadequate	Adequate	Excessive	Overall	P ^*
Maternal characteristics
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m²	33,828	20.1 ± 2.1	20.1 ± 2.2	20.2 ± 2.6	20.1 ± 2.3	0.0136
Gestational weight gain, kg	33,828	8.1 ± 2.4	13.7 ± 1.9	20.2 ± 4.0	12.9 ± 5.6	< 0.0001
GDM, %	33,643	1.3	2.0	2.8	1.9	< 0.0001
Education, %	33,044					< 0.0001
Junior high school or below		37.1	23.3	17.5	27.9
Senior high school or above		27.2	25.6	25.1	26.2
College or above		35.7	51.1	57.4	45.9
Family monthly income, %	33,025					< 0.0001
< 8000 RMB		52.1	47.3	43.3	48.4
8000~ 15,000 RMB		18.4	22.5	24.5	21.2
≥ 15,000 RMB		9.2	12.3	15.3	11.7
Refuse to answer		20.3	17.9	16.9	18.7
Child characteristics
Boy, %	33,828	47.7	49.6	51.8	49.3	< 0.0001
Age, year	33,828	12.9 ± 3.5	11.7 ± 3.4	11.2 ± 3.3	12.1 ± 3.5	< 0.0001
Feeding pattern in the first 6 months, %	32,826					< 0.0001
Breast feeding		41.7	38.4	36.6	39.4
Mixed feeding		45.3	46.8	47.3	46.2
Artificial feeding		13.0	14.8	16.2	14.4
Birth weight, kg	32,674	3.0 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.5	< 0.0001
Child BMI, kg/m²	33,828	18.3 ± 3.5	18.0 ± 3.6	18.2 ± 3.8	18.2 ± 3.6	< 0.0001
MVPA≥60 min	27,182	35.3	37.4	38.5	36.8	< 0.0001

Values are presented as mean ± SD or percentages
GWG gestational weight gain, BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
^*Differences of continuous and categorical variables between gestational weight gain categories were evaluated by using One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test, respectively

ISSN: 1742-4755