Table 1 Distribution of demographic characteristics and maternal risk factors for prematurity among mothers with term (controls) and mother with pre-term deliveries (cases)
Maternal characteristic | Controls N (%) | Cases N (%) | Statistical Significance† |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||
Age at childbirtha | 28.8 (18.8–38.7) | 30.7 (19.4–41.9) | < 0.001‡ |
Family status | |||
Married | 339/341 (98.3%) | 319/341 (93.6%) | |
Divorced | 0/341 (0%) | 4/341 (1.2%) | 0.001 |
Single | 4/341 (1.2%) | 18/341 (5.28%) | P trend: < 0.001 |
Education level | |||
Primary | 35/343 (10.2%) | 36/341 (10.6%) | |
Secondary | 107/343 (31.2%) | 110/341 (32.3%) | |
Post-secondary | 70/343 (20.4%) | 73/341 (21.4%) | 0.02 |
Tertiary | 116/343 (33.8%) | 87/341 (25.5%) | |
Post-graduate | 15/343 (4.4%) | 35/341 (10.3%) | P trend: 0.85 |
Working Conditions | |||
Unemployed | 77/307 (25.1%) | 89/320 (27.8%) | 0.44 |
Partner unemployed | 64/338 (18.9%)` | 54/321 (16.8%) | 0.48 |
Manual labour | 46/232 (19.8%) | 76/228 (33.3%) | 0.001 |
Prolonged standing at work | 103/232(44.4%) | 112/229 (48.9%) | 0.33 |
Working > 8 h per day | 27/232 (11.6%) | 80/229 (34.9%) | < 0.001 |
Life-Style | |||
Smoking before pregnancy | 92/340 (27.1%) | 97/339 (28.6%) | 0.65 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 35/341 (10.3%) | 38/339 (11.2%) | 0.69 |
Clinical | |||
Additional weight gain during pregnancya | 12.23 (0.3–23.7) | 10.96 (3–24) | 0.003‡ |
Body mass index | |||
BMI < 20 | 56/334 (16.8%) | 65/279 (23.3%) | |
20 < BMI < 25 | 166/334 (49.7%) | 132/279 (47.3%) | |
25 < BMI < 30 | 66/334 (19.8%) | 55/279 (19.7%) | 0.23 |
30 < BMI < 35 | 31/334 (9.3%) | 19/279 (6.8%) | |
BMI > 35 | 15/334 (4.5%) | 8/279 (2.9%) | Ptrend: 0.04 |
Gestational diabetes | 74/341 (21.7%) | 44/338 (13.0%) | 0.003 |
Clinically diagnosed depression | 5/339 (1.5%) | 12/339 (3.5%) | 0.09 |
Stress during gestation | 12/341 (3.5%) | 64/337 (19.0%) | < 0.001 |