Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios from cox regression models showing the relationship between higher parity transitions and child mortality experience
From: Recurrent child mortality risks and parity transition in Nigeria
Variables | Hazard ratios (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parity 3 to 4 | Parity 4 to 5 | Parity 5 to 6 | Parity 6 to 7 | |
Child Mortality Experience | ||||
All children alive (Ref) | ||||
Immediate preceding child (IPC) alone died | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.25 (1.11–1.40) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 1.25 (1.00–1.56) |
IPC + a previous child [ren] died | 1.36 (1.27–1.47) | 1.39 (1.29–1.51) | 1.40 (1.28–1.52) | 1.45 (1.31–1.61) |
IPC is alive, but a previous child [ren] died since index birth | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.83 (0.72–0.97) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) |
IPC is alive, but a previous child [ren] died before index birth | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 1.10 (1.01–1.11) | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) |
Current age group (years) | ||||
15–24 | 1.34 (1.18–1.52) | 1.25 (0.97–1.60) | 3.70 (1.92–7.15) | 1.25 (0.17–8.95) |
25–29 | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.04 (0.93–1.17) | 1.22 (1.00–1.47) |
30–34 (Ref) | ||||
35–39 | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) | 0.88 (0.82–0.93) | 0.89 (0.82–0.95) | 0.92 (0.83–1.01) |
40–44 | 0.83 (0.77–0.88) | 0.77 (0.72–0.83) | 0.80 (0.74–0.87) | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) |
45–49 | 0.73 (0.67–0.80) | 0.69 (0.63–0.76) | 0.69 (0.62–0.77) | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) |
Educational Status | ||||
No education (Ref) | ||||
Primary | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) | 0.95 (0.87–1.02) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) |
Secondary or higher | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.94 (0.83–1.04) | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) |
Place of residence | ||||
Urban (Ref) | ||||
Rural | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) |
Region of residence | ||||
South (Ref) | ||||
North | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Other tribes (Ref) | ||||
Hausa/Fulani | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) |
Religion | ||||
Christianity & Others (Ref) | ||||
Islam | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) |
Wealth status | ||||
Poorest (Ref) | ||||
Poorer | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 1.05 (0.98–1.14) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) |
Middle | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) |
Richer | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) |
Richest | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) | 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) |
Age at first cohabitation (years) | ||||
≤ 14 | 0.80 (0.73–0.89) | 0.77 (0.68–0.88) | 0.76 (0.64–0.90) | 0.90 (0.72–1.11) |
15–18 | 0.84 (0.76–0.92) | 0.82 (0.72–0.93) | 0.82 (0.70–0.97) | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) |
19–24 | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
≥ 25 (Ref) | ||||
Number of union(s) | ||||
1 (Ref) | ||||
≥ 2 | 0.91 (0.85–0.96) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) |
Type of union | ||||
Monogyny (Ref) | ||||
Polygyny | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) |
Perceived ideal fertility | ||||
≤ 3 (Ref) | ||||
4–5 | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) |
≥ 6 | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | 0.96 (0.76–1.20) |
Non-numeric response | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) |
Partner’s fertility preference | ||||
Partner wants same/fewer children (Ref) | ||||
Partner wants more children | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) |
Unsure | 0.97 (0.87–1.09) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 0.91 (0.72–1.16) |
Inter-birth intervals (IBIs) | ||||
All prior IBIs < 2 years | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) | 1.37 (1.04–1.80) |
Some prior IBIs < 2 years | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | 1.10 (1.04–1.15) | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) |
All prior IBIs ≥2 years (Ref) | ||||