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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios of smoking at low and high intensity in early pregnancy stratified by maternal characteristics

From: Prevalence and patterns of cigarette smoking before and during early and late pregnancy according to maternal characteristics: the first national data based on the 2003 birth certificate revision, United States, 2016

Maternal Characteristic

Low-intensity smoking N = 35,161 (12.78%)

High-intensity smoking N = 19,577 (7.12%)

Maternal Race/ethnicity

aOR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

 Non-Hispanic White (ref.)

1

1

1

1

 Non-Hispanic Black

0.70

0.68, 0.72

0.32

0.30, 0.33

 Hispanic

0.24

0.23, 0.25

0.12

0.11, 0.13

 Other race/ethnicity a

0.79

0.76, 0.82

0.47

0.45, 0.50

Maternal Age (years)

  < 20

1.22

1.17, 1.27

1.01

0.94, 1.06

 20–24

1.26

1.23, 1.30

1.16

1.12, 1.21

 25–29 (ref.)

1

1

1

1

 30–34

0.76

0.73, 0.78

0.88

0.85, 0.92

 35+

0.66

0.63, 0.69

0.84

0.80, 0.89

Maternal Education

 Less than high school

1.05

1.01, 1.08

1.13

1.09, 1.18

 High School/GED b (ref.)

1

1

1

1

 Some College

0.79

0.77, 0.81

0.71

0.68, 0.73

 Bachelor’s +

0.12

0.12, 0.13

0.08

0.08, 0.09

  1. Early pregnancy: 1st and 2nd trimester; Low intensity smoking < 10 cigs/day/trimester; High intensity smoking ≥10 cigs/day/trimester; a Other race/ethnicity: Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander or mixed race; b GED: General Educational Development; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Adjusted for: race/ethnicity, age, and educational attainment
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Reproductive Health

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