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Table 4 Factors associated with disagreement with the practice of FGM/C and circumcision of future daughters among university students (n = 502)

From: Determinants of disagreement with female genital mutilation/cutting of future daughters and awareness of the ban among Egyptian university students

Characteristic

Disagree with the practice of FGM/C

Disagree with circumcision of future daughters

Unadjusted ORa (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted ORb (95% CI)

p-value

Unadjusted ORa (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted ORb (95% CI)

p-value

Gender (female vs male)

1.4 (0.9–2.0)

0.069

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.788

1.7 (1.1–2.4)

0.008

1.1 (0.6–1.9)

0.737

Residence (urban vs rural)

2.1 (1.5–3.1)

< 0.001

3.6 (1.9–6.7)

< 0.001

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

0.027

1.8 (0.9–3.3)

0.051

Mother education (completed secondary or higher vs other)

1.4 (0.9–1.9)

0.086

1.2 (0.6–2.3)

0.581

1.9 (1.3–2.7)

0.001

1.8 (0.9–3.4)

0.126

Father education (completed secondary or higher vs other)

1.2 (0.9–1.7)

0.317

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

0.328

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

0.022

1.1 (0.6–2.3)

0.707

Faculty (medical vs non-medical)

1.4 (0.9–2.0)

0.068

1.2 (0.7–2.0)

0.575

1.4 (0.9–1.9)

0.098

1.1 (0.6–1.9)

0.765

Main source of knowledge about FGM/C (educational curricula/health education vs other)

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

0.206

1.4 (0.8–2.5)

0.257

1.0 (0.7–1.5)

1.000

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

0.358

Main purpose of FGM/C (only medical purpose vs other)

0.9 (0.4–2.2)

1.000

1.6 (0.5–5.3)

0.461

0.5 (0.2–1.1)

0.079

0.4 (0.1–1.5)

0.184

Aware of a legislation that bans FGM/C (yes vs no)

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

0.023

0.8 (0.5–1.5)

0.550

2.4 (1.6–3.5)

< 0.001

1.9 (1.1–3.4)

0.029

Disagrees with the following perception items (vs agrees):

 FGM/C should be banned from media discussions

2.3 (1.6–3.3)

< 0.001

1.0 (0.5–1.9)

0.963

2.2 (1.5–3.3)

< 0.001

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

0.498

 The television is unimportant in preventing FGM/C

4.4 (2.9–6.6)

< 0.001

2.1 (1.1–3.8)

0.017

4.8 (3.3–7.2)

< 0.001

2.1 (1.2–3.9)

0.014

 FGM/C has religious basis

9.3 (5.9–14.6)

< 0.001

6.3 (3.3–12.0)

< 0.001

7.5 (4.8–11.8)

< 0.001

3.8 (1.9–7.6)

< 0.001

 Females are indecent until they are circumcised

6.2 (3.9–9.7)

< 0.001

2.5 (1.2–5.4)

0.019

6.3 (4.0–9.7)

< 0.001

1.8 (0.9–3.7)

0.115

 Circumcised females are happier in their marital lives

10.9 (7.2–16.6)

< 0.001

3.7 (1.9–7.2)

< 0.001

10.8 (7.1–16.5)

< 0.001

3.5 (1.8–6.9)

< 0.001

 Females cannot please their husbands if uncircumcised

4.3 (2.9–6.4)

< 0.001

0.7 (0.3–1.3)

0.243

3.9 (2.6–5.7)

< 0.001

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

0.146

 FMG/C enhances females’ personal hygiene

9.5 (6.3–14.4)

< 0.001

1.7 (0.9–3.3)

0.099

11.5 (7.5–17.6)

< 0.001

2.1 (1.1–4.1)

0.025

 FMG/C preserves females’ virginity

14.1 (9.4–21.9)

< 0.001

3.8 (1.9–7.7)

< 0.001

18.0 (11.5–28.4)

< 0.001

5.0 (2.5–9.9)

< 0.001

 Circumcised females are more respected by community

5.1 (3.4–7.6)

< 0.001

0.7 (0.4–1.5)

0.388

6.2 (4.1–9.4)

< 0.001

0.9 (0.5–1.9)

0.914

  1. FGM/C Female genital mutilation/cutting, OR Odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. a Chi-squared test
  3. b Multivariable logistic regression
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Reproductive Health

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