From: Impact of free maternal health care policy on maternal health care utilization and perinatal mortality in Ghana: protocol design for historical cohort study
Before treatment
After treatment
Difference
Treatment (T)
X0
Y0
T = Y0–X0
Comparison (C)
X1
Y1
C = Y1–X1
X0–X1
Y0–Y1
DD = (Y0–X0) – (Y1–X1) = T-C