Skip to main content

Table 2 Risk of bias in randomized and non-randomized trials

From: A systematic review on clinical effectiveness, side-effect profile and meta-analysis on continuation rate of etonogestrel contraceptive implant

Criteria for Randomized control trials

Dan Apter 2016

David Hubacher 2017

Random sequence generation (selection bias)

Low risk

Low risk

Allocation concealment (selection bias)

Low risk

Low risk

Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)

High risk

High risk

Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)

High risk

Low risk

Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)

High risk

High risk

Selective reporting (reporting bias)

Low risk

Low risk

Other bias

NA

NA

Over all

High risk

High risk

Criteria for Non-Randomized control trials

Bahamondes 2015

Flores 2005

Oderich 2012

 Bias due to confounding

Moderate risk

NI (No info)

NI (No info)

 Bias in selection of participants into the study

Moderate risk

NI (No info)

NI (No info)

 Bias in classification of interventions

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

 Bias due to deviations from intended interventions

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

 Bias due to missing data

Moderate risk

NI (No info)

Low risk

 Bias in selection of the reported result

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

 Overall

Moderate risk

Serious risk

Serious risk