Table 3 Comparing of abnormal DASS scores based on the pregnant mothers’ demographic and socio-economic status
Maternal information | Abnormal depression score | Abnormal anxiety score | Abnormal Stress score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | |
Maternal age (years) | ||||
< 19 OR > 34 years | 169 (31.3) | 10 (5.9) | 35 (20.7) | 2 (1.2) |
8 < age < 35 years | 371 (68.7) | 18 (4.9) | 70 (18.9) | 3 (0.8) |
P value | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
Marriage duration (years) | ||||
1–5 years | 232 (43) | 10 (4.3) | 49 (21.1) | 2 (0.9) |
6–10 years | 168 (31.1) | 8 (4.8) | 26 (15.5) | 2 (1.2) |
> 10 years | 140 (25.9) | 10 (7.1) | 30 (21.4) | 1 (0.7) |
P value | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.9 | |
Number of pregnancies | ||||
First pregnancy | 195 (36.2) | 11 (5.6) | 42 (21.5) | 2 (1) |
Second pregnancy | 166 (30.7) | 4 (2.4) | 25 (15.1) | 0 |
Third or more pregnancy | 179 (33.1) | 13 (7.3) | 38 (21.2) | 3 (1.7) |
P value | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Gestational age (weeks) | ||||
< 14 weeks | 36 (6.7) | 3 (8.3) | 7 (19.4) | 0 |
4–28 weeks | 184 (34.1) | 5 (2.7) | 41 (22.3) | 1 (0.5) |
> 28 weeks | 320 (59.3) | 20 (6.3) | 57 (17.8) | 4 (1.3) |
P value | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
Residential area | ||||
Urban | 425 (78.7) | 22 (5.2) | 87 (20.5) | 4 (0.9) |
Rural | 115 (21.3) | 6 (5.2) | 18 (15.7) | 1 (0.9) |
P value | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.7 | |
Job status | ||||
Housewife | 488 (90.4) | 25 (5.1) | 88 (18) | 5 (1) |
Employed | 52 (9.6) | 3 (5.8) | 17 (32.7) | 0 |
P value | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.6 | |
Highest educational attainment | ||||
Below high school diploma | 119 (22) | 8 (6.7) | 24 (20.2) | 2 (1.7) |
High school diploma | 199 (36.9) | 7 (3.5) | 27 (13.6) | 1 (0.5) |
University degree | 222 (41.1) | 13 (5.9) | 54 (24.3) | 2 (0.9) |
P value | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.6 | |
Insurance status | ||||
Insured | 435 (80.6) | 17 (3.9) | 83 (19.1) | 3 (0.7) |
Uninsured | 105 (19.4) | 11 (10.5) | 22 (21) | 2 (1.9) |
P value | 0.01 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |
Correlation between income and expenditure | ||||
Equal | 136 (25.1) | 4 (2.9) | 20 (14.7) | 1 (0.7) |
Expenditure > income | 401 (74.3) | 24 (6) | 84 (20.9) | 4 (1) |
Income > expenditure | 3 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 0 |
P value | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.9 | |
Claimed socio-economic status | ||||
High | 42 (7.8) | 2 (4.8) | 9 (21.4) | 0 |
Middle | 256 (47.4) | 13 (5.1) | 47 (18.4) | 2 (0.8) |
Low | 242 (44.8) | 13 (5.4) | 49 (20.2) | 3 (1.2) |
P value | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | |
Self-rated health | ||||
Poor | 122 (22.6) | 19 (15.6) | 46 (37.7) | 2 (1.6) |
Intermediate | 257 (47.6) | 8 (3.1) | 45 (17.5) | 3 (1.2) |
Good | 242 (44.8) | 1 (6.1) | 14 (8.7) | 0 |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.3 | |
Number of Comorbidities | ||||
No comorbidity | 452 | 22 (4.9) | 76 (16.8) | 3 (0.7) |
1 comorbidity | 58 | 4 (6.9) | 15 (25.9) | 1 (1.7) |
> 1 comorbidity | 30 | 2 (6.7) | 14 (46.7) | 1 (3.3) |
P value | 0.7 | < 0.001 | 0.2 | |