Behavioral effects of different contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition: an ancillary study of the ECHO randomized trial

Singata-Madliki, Mandisa; Lawrie, Theresa A.; Balakrishna, Yusentha; d’Hellencourt, Florence Carayon-Lefebvre; Hofmeyr, G. Justus

doi:10.1186/s12978-021-01232-6

Reproductive Health

Table 4 28-Day daily symptom and behavior outcomes

From: Behavioral effects of different contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition: an ancillary study of the ECHO randomized trial

Outcome	DMPA-IM n = 130	IUD n = 133	LNG implant n = 127	p-value
Outcome	DMPA-IM n = 130	IUD n = 133	LNG implant n = 127	DMPA-IM vs LNG implant	DMPA-IM vs IUD	LNG implant vs IUD
No menstruation (%)	69 (53.1)	6 (4.5)	49 (38.6)	0.020	< 0.001	< 0.001
Menstruation duration in days median (IQR)	0 (0–4)	9 (5–14)	3 (0–9)	0.006	< 0.001	< 0.001
At least one day of severe menstrual pain (as a proportion of those reporting menstruation) n(%)	8/61 (13.1)	34/127 (26.8)	10/78 (12.8)	0.959	0.035	0.018
Sexual intercourse (days) mean [SD]	13.4 [9.3]	10.8 [7.8]	11.2 [8.7]	0.055	0.015	0.669
No sexual intercourse n (%)	11 (8.5)	9 (6.8)	10 (7.9)	0.864	0.604	0.732
At least one act of unprotected intercourse n (%)	89 (68.5)	79 (59.4)	74 (58.3)	0.074	0.394	0.356
Proportion of days with unprotected intercourse median (IQR)	0.11 (0–0.32)	0.07 (0–0.18)	0.04 (0–0.25)	0.039	0.013	0.724
Condom use with casual partners* (as proportion of sexual intercourse with a casual partner days) median (IQR)	1 (0.57–1)	1 (0.8–1)	1 (0.5–1)	0.918	0.365	0.337
Condom use with steady partners (as proportion of sexual intercourse with steady partner days)* median (IQR)	0.43 (0–1)	0.71 (0.33–1)	0.66 (0.13–1)	0.100	0.021	0.497
Intra-menstrual coitus (as a proportion of total days)* median (IQR)	0 (0–0.04)	0.07 (0–0.21)	0 (0–0.07)	0.135	< 0.001	< 0.001
At least one occurrence of intra-menstrual coitus(%)	48 (36.9)	86 (64.7)	58 (45.7)	0.154	< 0.001	0.002
Proportion of days with urge for sexual intercourse* (libido) median (IQR)	0.29 (0–0.64)	0.32 (0.14–0.57)	0.25 (0.04–0.5)	0.519	0.611	0.174
Proportion of days feeling partner does not love her* median (IQR)	0 (0–0.04)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0.964	0.872	0.861
Proportion of diary days feeling sad for no reason* median (IQR)	0.14 (0–0.50)	0.14 (0–0.36)	0.14 (0–0.39)	0.544	0.148	0.446

*Calculated per participant as a proportion of days with the occurrence and then calculated across each study group as mean [SD] or median (IQR). For example, condom usage would be calculated for each participant where the denominator is the number of days with sexual intercourse, such that 100% condom coverage would be 1

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